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Immunomodulation by neural stem cells.

Tamir Ben-Hur¹

¹Department of Neurology, The Agnes Ginges Center for Human Neurogenetics, Hadassah University Hospital, Jerusalem, Israel. tamir@hadassah.org.il

Journal of the Neurological Sciences

|June 23, 2007

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Neural precursor cells (NPCs) show promise for treating central nervous system (CNS) inflammation. Transplanted NPCs can reduce disease severity in models of multiple sclerosis by both regenerating tissue and suppressing immune responses.

Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Immunology
Regenerative Medicine

Background:

Neural (stem) cell transplantation is a potential cell replacement therapy.
Multipotential neural precursor cells (NPCs) demonstrate remyelinating potential in demyelinated lesions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the therapeutic potential of neural precursor cells (NPCs) in central nervous system (CNS) inflammation and demyelinating diseases.
To evaluate the regenerative and immunomodulatory effects of NPCs in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) models.

Main Methods:

Transplantation of NPCs into the CNS and intravenous administration in rodent models of EAE.
Assessment of cell migration using magnetic resonance imaging.
Evaluation of clinical disease severity, demyelination, axonal pathology, and immune cell responses.

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Main Results:

Intraventricular NPC transplantation attenuated brain inflammation, reduced disease severity, and lessened demyelination and axonal damage in EAE.
Intravenous NPC administration inhibited EAE by inducing peripheral immunosuppression, reducing T cell activation and proliferation in lymph nodes.
NPCs migrated to inflamed white matter in the CNS but did not enter gray matter when transplanted directly.

Conclusions:

Neural precursor cells possess both regenerative and immunomodulatory properties beneficial for treating CNS inflammatory diseases like multiple sclerosis.
Optimizing cell therapy for MS should leverage both the tissue repair and immune-suppressing capabilities of NPCs.
Intravenous administration of NPCs offers a therapeutic strategy through peripheral immune modulation, inhibiting T cell responses detrimental to the CNS.