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Updated: Jul 7, 2026

Intranasal Administration of CNS Therapeutics to Awake Mice
Published on: April 8, 2013
Hypertonic saline: first-line therapy for cerebral edema?
Wendy C Ziai1, Thomas J K Toung, Anish Bhardwaj
1Neurosciences Critical Care Division, Department of Neurology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
Abstract:
This article highlights the experimental and clinical data, controversies and postulated mechanisms surrounding osmotherapy with hypertonic saline (HS) solutions in the neurocritical care arena and builds on previous reviews on the subject. Special attention is focused on HS therapy on commonly encountered clinical paradigms of acute brain injury including traumatic brain injury (TBI), post-operative "retraction edema", intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), tumor-associated cerebral edema, and ischemia associated with ischemic stroke.
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