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Rate-programmed drug delivery systems release drugs in a controlled manner to maintain therapeutic levels. Three main designs include reservoir, matrix, and hybrid systems.Reservoir systems consist of a drug core enclosed within a membrane that controls drug release. In non-swelling reservoir systems, polymers like ethyl cellulose or polymethacrylates are used. These do not hydrate in aqueous media and control release through membrane thickness, porosity, or insolubility. This type includes...
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Deposition of Porous Sorbents on Fabric Supports
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Modifying sorbents in controlled release formulations to prevent herbicides pollution.

F Flores Céspedes1, M Villafranca Sánchez, S Pérez García

  • 1Department of Inorganic Chemistry, University of Almería, La Cañada de San Urbano, s/n, Almería 04120, Spain.

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Alginate granules with sorbents like activated carbon effectively controlled the release of herbicides chloridazon and metribuzin. Sorbent addition significantly reduced herbicide release rates, with activated carbon showing the greatest effect.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Agricultural Science

Background:

  • Herbicides chloridazon and metribuzin are identified groundwater pollutants.
  • Controlled release formulations are needed to mitigate environmental contamination.
  • Alginate-based granules offer potential for controlled herbicide delivery.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop alginate-based granules for controlled release of chloridazon and metribuzin.
  • To investigate the impact of sorbents (bentonite, anthracite, activated carbon) on encapsulation and release kinetics.
  • To evaluate the sorption behavior of herbicides with selected sorbents.

Main Methods:

  • Incorporation of herbicides into alginate-based granules with various sorbents.
  • Water release kinetic tests to determine release rates and mechanisms.
  • Sorption studies to quantify herbicide-sorbent interactions.
  • Analysis of water uptake, permeability, and time to 50% release (T50).

Main Results:

  • Sorbents significantly reduced the release rate of both chloridazon and metribuzin compared to formulations without sorbents.
  • Activated carbon demonstrated the highest efficacy in decreasing herbicide release rates.
  • Herbicide release followed a diffusion-controlled mechanism, influenced by sorbent sorption capacity.
  • Metribuzin exhibited a higher release rate than chloridazon due to its greater water solubility.

Conclusions:

  • Alginate-based granules incorporating sorbents, particularly activated carbon, are effective for controlling the release of chloridazon and metribuzin.
  • Sorbent sorption capacity is the primary factor modulating herbicide release from these formulations.
  • This approach offers a promising strategy for reducing the environmental impact of these herbicides.