Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Scanning Skeletal Remains for Bone Mineral Density in Forensic Contexts
Published on: January 29, 2018
Multiple bone fractures in an 8-year-old child with cow's milk allergy and inappropriate calcium supplementation
Giovanna Monti1, Valentina Libanore, Letizia Marinaro
1Food Allergy Service, Department of Pediatric and Adolescence Science, Regina Margherita Children's Hospital, Turin, Italy.
Abstract:
The case of an 8-year-old boy with severe bone mass reduction and 4 fractures as a result of an unsupervised diet established to treat cow's milk allergy is presented. Endocrine, genetic and orthopedic pathologies were excluded. While vitamin D intake had always been appropriate, his calcium intake had been inadequate for many years. This clinical report suggests that both vitamin D and calcium supplementation are necessary when a cow's milk protein-free diet is prescribed, even when a hypo- or non-allergenic formula is provided.
Related Concept Videos
Bone Disorders
Bone deposition is also affected by the levels of sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone that promote osteoblast activity and bone matrix synthesis. When the level of these hormones decreases due to aging, it causes a reduction in bone deposition. As a result, bone resorption by osteoclasts...
Skeleton and Calcium Homeostasis
Fractures: Bone Repair
Minor fractures with no bone displacement are treated by immobilizing the fractured bone using a cast or splint. However, in the case of fractures with displaced bones, the broken bones are repositioned before immobilization to ensure successful healing without deformation and loss of function. The realignment of fractured bone ends is performed through a process called reduction. If the procedure...
Essential Minerals for Bone Health
Calcium and Phosphorus
Calcium is a critical component of bones, especially in the form of calcium phosphate and calcium carbonate. Since the body cannot make calcium, it must be obtained from the diet. However, calcium cannot be absorbed from the small intestine without...
Overview of Protein Metabolism
Amino acids play various roles in the body once they are absorbed into cells. They are restructured...
The Bone Matrix
