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Related Concept Videos

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction01:22

Acute Kidney Injury I: Introduction

Introduction:Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) describes a swift decrease in kidney function occurring over hours to days, characterized by the kidneys' failure to remove waste products from the bloodstream. This leads to dangerous complications like metabolic acidosis, fluid overload, and electrolyte imbalances, such as hyperkalemia, which can cause life-threatening arrhythmias. AKI is common in both hospital and outpatient settings, often triggered by dehydration, sepsis, or exposure to nephrotoxic...
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care01:20

Acute Kidney Injury V: Interprofessional Care

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) requires a collaborative healthcare approach to restore renal function and prevent complications. Essential management strategies involve monitoring fluid and electrolyte balance, adjusting medications, initiating dialysis when necessary, and providing nutritional support.Fluid and Electrolyte ManagementFluid Monitoring: Regularly monitoring body weight, central venous pressure, and urine output helps detect fluid imbalances early. Patient intake and output are...
Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology01:29

Acute Kidney Injury II: Pathophysiology

Acute kidney injury (AKI) causes are categorized into three primary categories based on the location of the injury: prerenal, intrarenal (or intrinsic), and postrenal causes. This classification guides clinical management and illustrates how different pathways can impair kidney function.Etiology and Pathophysiology of Acute Kidney Injury1. Prerenal causesEtiology: Prerenal Acute Kidney Injury, the most common type, occurs when reduced blood flow to the kidneys decreases filtration capacity...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
09:02

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

Published on: February 2, 2021

Acute renal failure in neonates: A prospective study.

H M Al-Idressy1, O B Abdel Basit, K N Haque

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, King Khalid University Hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Annals of Saudi Medicine
|May 1, 1991
PubMed
Summary

Neonatal acute renal failure affects 3.6% of NICU babies, often caused by hypotension and prematurity. Diagnostic indices were unreliable, and mortality was high, but survivors showed no lasting kidney issues.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion
09:02

A Large Animal Model for Acute Kidney Injury by Temporary Bilateral Renal Artery Occlusion

Published on: February 2, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neonatology
  • Pediatric Nephrology
  • Critical Care Medicine

Background:

  • Neonatal acute renal failure (NARF) is a serious condition in Neonatal Intensive Care Units (NICUs).
  • Identifying causes and reliable diagnostic markers for NARF is crucial for infant outcomes.
  • Premature and low-birth-weight infants are particularly vulnerable.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the causes, clinical course, and outcomes of acute renal failure in neonates.
  • To evaluate the reliability of renal indices in differentiating intrinsic from prerenal acute renal failure.
  • To identify clinical indicators for diagnosing and predicting the prognosis of NARF.

Main Methods:

  • Prospective study of 603 neonates admitted to the NICU.
  • Analysis of 22 neonates who developed acute renal failure.
  • Assessment of etiological factors including hypotension, respiratory distress syndrome, sepsis, and asphyxia.
  • Evaluation of renal indices: urine-to-plasma osmolality, fractional excretion of sodium, and renal failure index.

Main Results:

  • The incidence of NARF was 3.6%.
  • Common causes included hypotension (86%), respiratory distress syndrome (41%), sepsis (32%), and asphyxia (27%).
  • Fifteen neonates had intrinsic renal failure and seven had prerenal failure.
  • Renal indices were unreliable in distinguishing between intrinsic and prerenal failure.
  • Mortality rate was high at 77%.

Conclusions:

  • Hypotension, prematurity, and sepsis are significant contributors to NARF.
  • Current renal indices are not sufficiently reliable for differentiating NARF types in neonates.
  • Despite high mortality, survivors without congenital urinary tract anomalies showed no residual renal impairment.
  • Further research is needed to identify reliable diagnostic and prognostic clinical indices for NARF, especially in vulnerable infants.