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Alterations in Muscle Tone ll01:12

Alterations in Muscle Tone ll

Alterations in muscle tone are common manifestations of neurological disorders and reflect dysfunction within different nervous system regions. Spasticity, paratonia, and dystonia represent distinct forms of hypertonia, each with unique mechanisms, clinical features, and diagnostic importance.CharacteristicsSpasticity happens from upper motor neuron lesions and is characterized by velocity-dependent resistance to passive movement. Clinical features include:Exaggerated deep tendon reflexesClonus...

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Related Experiment Video

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Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia
10:05

Measurement & Analysis of the Temporal Discrimination Threshold Applied to Cervical Dystonia

Published on: January 27, 2018

Voxel based morphometry reveals specific gray matter changes in primary dystonia.

Karl Egger1, Joerg Mueller, Michael Schocke

  • 1Department of Radiology, Innsbruck Medical University, Austria.

Movement Disorders : Official Journal of the Movement Disorder Society
|June 26, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This study found that patients with primary dystonia, including generalized, cervical, and focal hand types, exhibit common brain gray matter increases in specific areas like the globus pallidus internus and prefrontal cortex compared to healthy individuals.

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Published on: November 27, 2019

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Neurology
  • Neuroimaging

Background:

  • Primary dystonia encompasses several subtypes, including generalized dystonia (GD), cervical dystonia (CD), and focal hand dystonia (FHD).
  • Understanding the underlying neuroanatomy of different dystonia types is crucial for diagnosis and treatment.
  • Previous research has explored brain alterations in dystonia, but a comparative analysis across subtypes using voxel-based morphometry is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate and compare patterns of brain tissue alterations in patients with different types of primary dystonia.
  • To identify common and distinct neuroanatomical changes associated with generalized, cervical, and focal hand dystonia.
  • To utilize voxel-based morphometry (VBM) to analyze gray matter volume differences between dystonia subtypes and healthy controls.

Main Methods:

  • Voxel-based morphometry (VBM) was employed to assess brain gray matter volume.
  • The study included 9 patients with primary generalized dystonia (GD), 11 with primary cervical dystonia (CD), and 11 with primary focal hand dystonia (FHD).
  • A control group of 31 age and gender-matched healthy individuals participated for comparison.

Main Results:

  • Patients with primary dystonia (n=31) demonstrated significant gray matter volume increases compared to controls.
  • These increases were observed bilaterally in the globus pallidus internus, nucleus accumbens, and prefrontal cortex.
  • Unilateral gray matter volume increase was noted in the left inferior parietal lobe in the patient group.

Conclusions:

  • This study is the first to use VBM to analyze different types of primary dystonia, revealing a common pattern of gray matter changes.
  • The findings suggest that despite clinical variations, shared neuroanatomical alterations exist across primary dystonia subtypes.
  • The identified brain regions, including the basal ganglia and prefrontal cortex, may represent key areas involved in the pathophysiology of primary dystonia.