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Elderly individuals encompass a diverse population with varying degrees of age-related physiological changes. Defining the elderly presents challenges, as the geriatric population is often arbitrarily categorized as individuals older than 65. However, many individuals in this group lead active and healthy lives, with an increasing number surpassing 85 years and falling into the older elderly category. Physiological changes associated with aging impact performance capacity and homeostatic...
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Age-related pharmacokinetic changes are extensively documented, but understanding age-related pharmacodynamic alterations is relatively limited. This knowledge gap can be partly attributed to the complexity of developing appropriate measures of drug responses compared to bioanalytical methods for determining drug concentrations.Most information regarding age-related differences in human pharmacodynamics originates from cross-sectional studies. However, these studies assume that observed mean...
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As individuals age, their body's physiology evolves, affecting drug pharmacokinetics. The most apparent changes occur in the gastrointestinal tract, where an increase in gastric pH, a delay in gastric emptying, and a reduction in gastrointestinal motility are observed. Remarkably, these changes do not substantially modify the absorption of orally administered drugs, particularly those absorbed via passive diffusion.Transdermal drug delivery emerges as a highly viable method for older adults due...
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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Assessment of Age-related Changes in Cognitive Functions Using EmoCogMeter, a Novel Tablet-computer Based Approach
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Published on: February 14, 2014

Geriatric depression and cognitive impairment.

D C Steffens1, G G Potter

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA. steff001@mc.duke.edu

Psychological Medicine
|June 26, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Geriatric depression often includes cognitive impairment, increasing risks for adverse outcomes. Proactive treatment combining medication and therapy can improve results for older adults with depression and cognitive issues.

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Area of Science:

  • Geriatric Psychiatry
  • Neuroscience
  • Clinical Psychology

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment frequently co-occurs with geriatric depression.
  • This co-occurrence elevates the risk of adverse medical, psychiatric, and cognitive outcomes in older adults.
  • Understanding this relationship is crucial for effective clinical management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the clinical criteria and prevalence of depression and co-morbid cognitive impairment in the elderly.
  • To discuss factors contributing to persistent cognitive impairment in depressed individuals, including dementia.
  • To examine current research on assessing and treating cognitive impairment and dementia in the context of geriatric depression.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of current research on depression and cognition in older adults.
  • Analysis of clinical criteria and prevalence data for depression and cognitive impairment.
  • Synthesis of findings related to risk factors, assessment, and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

  • Depression in older adults is often accompanied by cognitive impairment, leading to poorer health outcomes.
  • Factors influencing persistent cognitive impairment in depression include dementia and other underlying conditions.
  • Evidence supports integrated treatment approaches for managing both depression and cognitive decline.

Conclusions:

  • Current research provides valuable insights for clinical decision-making to mitigate adverse outcomes in geriatric depression with cognitive impairment.
  • Proactive management strategies are essential for this patient population.
  • Combined pharmacological and psychotherapeutic interventions show promise for improving patient prognosis.