Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 14, 2026

High-throughput and Comprehensive Drug Surveillance Using Multisegment Injection-Capillary Electrophoresis-Mass Spectrometry
Published on: April 23, 2019
Is this urine really negative? A systematic review of tampering methods in urine drug screening and testing
William B Jaffee1, Elisa Trucco, Sharon Levy
1McLean Hospital Alcohol and Drug Abuse Treatment Program, Belmont, MA 02478, USA. wjaffee@mclean.harvard.edu
Abstract:
Adulterants and urine substitutes that are designed to defeat drug tests are readily available and can be easily researched or purchased over the Internet. Utilizing Google, PsychInfo, and Medline, we searched the Internet and psychiatric and medical literature to identify a comprehensive list of products, compounds, and methods of urine tampering, as well as data on their efficacy. These products, compounds, and methods are described, and literature on their effectiveness in masking drug use is reviewed. Additionally, we identify and review methods for detecting tampering of urine screens and tests. It is recommended that clinicians and researchers involved in urine drug screening and testing consider the possibility of tampering when designing treatment programs and research protocols and employ methods to detect its occurrence when appropriate.
Related Concept Videos
Urine Studies I: Urinalysis
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Reabsorption
Urine Studies II: Urine Culture and Sensitivity Test
Renal Drug Excretion: Tubular Reabsorption
Enhanced Elimination of Poison
Antidotes serve a crucial role in counteracting the effects of poison by inhibiting enzymes responsible for producing harmful drug metabolites. In some cases, these toxic metabolites can be neutralized by endogenous cosubstrates, which are maintained at specific concentrations to prevent interaction with cellular macromolecules and subsequent cell death.
Renal excretion is the...
Drug Elimination by Renal Route: Tubular Secretion

