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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

Brain Imaging Investigation of the Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation

Published on: August 26, 2011

Modulation of anticipatory emotion and perception processing by cognitive control.

Uwe Herwig¹, Thomas Baumgartner, Tina Kaffenberger

¹Psychiatric University Hospital Zürich, Switzerland. uwe.herwig@puk.zh.ch

|June 26, 2007

Summary

Cognitive control strategies, like reality checking, reduce anxiety by altering brain activity. This involves increased prefrontal cortex engagement and decreased amygdala and perception area activity during anticipation of negative events.

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Cognitive Psychology
Affective Science

Background:

Cognitive control strategies effectively mitigate anxiety during the anticipation of negative or uncertain events.
Understanding the neural mechanisms of cognitive control is crucial for developing targeted anxiety interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the cerebral information processing associated with employing a specific cognitive control strategy during the anticipation of affect-laden events.
To compare brain activity patterns between individuals using cognitive control and a control group during anticipation of negative and unknown emotional valence events.

Main Methods:

Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was utilized to examine differential brain activity.
Participants included 18 healthy subjects using a cognitive control strategy (reality checking) and 16 control subjects.
Brain activity was assessed during the anticipation of unpleasant and unknown emotional valence events.

Main Results:

The cognitive control group exhibited heightened activity in the left medial and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex during unpleasant event anticipation.
Reduced activity was observed in the left extended amygdala, pulvinar/lateral geniculate nucleus, and fusiform gyrus in the cognitive control group.
Cognitive control during unknown event anticipation was linked to decreased amygdala, insular, and thalamic activity.
Amygdala activity changes correlated negatively with emotion regulation questionnaire reappraisal scores.

Conclusions:

Cognitive control, particularly for unpleasant emotions, is associated with increased prefrontal cortex activity.
This prefrontal activation may attenuate emotional processing in areas such as the amygdala and perception-related brain regions.
The findings provide insights into the neural basis of emotion regulation and anxiety reduction through cognitive strategies.