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Erythropoiesis

Erythropoiesis

Red blood cells (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia, and...

Erythropoiesis

Erythropoiesis

Red blood cells (RBCs) transport oxygen to all body tissues. These cells survive only for 120 days and then need to be replenished. Erythropoiesis is the process of RBC production. In healthy individuals, erythropoiesis ensures all tissues are amply supplied with oxygen. In addition, blood loss due to injury leads to a drop in the physiological oxygen level that will cause erythropoiesis. Any defect in erythropoiesis leads to several physiological disorders, including thalassemia, anemia, and...

Overview of Hematopoiesis

Overview of Hematopoiesis

Hematopoiesis, or blood cell production, is a vital biological process that begins early in embryonic development and continues throughout life. This process generates the various types of cells found in blood, including red blood cells, white blood cells, and platelets from hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs).
Developmental Phases of Hematopoiesis
Initially, HSCs are formed in the embryonic yolk sac, a critical site for early blood cell production. These stem cells subsequently migrate to other...

Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis

Factors Affecting Erythropoiesis

The cardiovascular system regulates the number of erythrocytes in the bloodstream to ensure optimal oxygen transport. It also prevents over-proliferation of these cells, which helps to maintain blood viscosity and flow rate.
Several factors influence the erythrocyte production rate, with tissue oxygen level being among the most critical. Intense exercise or high altitudes can cause tissue hypoxia, which triggers the kidneys to release more erythropoietin (EPO) into the bloodstream.
EPO then...

Disorders of Erythrocytes

Disorders of Erythrocytes

Disorders of erythrocytes, or red blood cells (RBCs), include a range of conditions affecting their number, shape, or function.
Erythrocyte disorders can be broadly categorized into two main types: anemic and polycythemic conditions.
A low oxygen-carrying capacity of the blood due to the loss, lower production, or destruction of erythrocytes is termed anemia. Hemorrhagic anemia, for example, occurs when bleeding from an external wound or internal ulcer reduces erythrocyte counts.
On the other...

Rh Blood Group

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The Rhesus (Rh) antigen is crucial in determining blood groups and ensuring compatibility during blood transfusions.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Immunostaining-Based Detection of Dynamic Alterations in Red Blood Cell Proteins

Immunostaining-Based Detection of Dynamic Alterations in Red Blood Cell Proteins

Published on: March 17, 2023

The postnatal changes in red blood cell NO levels.

Harry Bard¹, Karine Bellemin, Carmen Gagnon

¹Neonatal Service, Pediatric Department, CHU Sainte-Justine, University of Montreal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada. harry.bard@umontreal.ca

Acta Paediatrica (Oslo, Norway : 1992)

|June 26, 2007

Summary

Red blood cell S-nitrosothiol (HbSNO) levels significantly increased in very low birth weight infants during the first two days of life. This rise may aid neonatal pulmonary adaptation to breathing air outside the womb.

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Database-guided Flow-cytometry for Evaluation of Bone Marrow Myeloid Cell Maturation

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Published on: November 3, 2018

Area of Science:

Neonatal physiology
Respiratory adaptation
Biochemistry

Background:

Very low birth weight (VLBW) infants face challenges adapting to extra-uterine life, particularly pulmonary adaptation.
Nitric oxide (NO) plays a crucial role in cardiovascular and respiratory regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify red blood cell S-nitrosothiol (HbSNO) and hemoglobin iron(II) nitrosyl (HbFe(II)NO) levels in VLBW infants breathing room air.
To investigate the changes in these markers during the first 48 hours of life.

Main Methods:

Chemiluminescence was used to measure HbSNO and HbFe(II)NO levels.
Blood samples were collected from five VLBW infants (25-27 weeks gestation) between 12-24 hours after birth.
Postnatal levels were compared to cord blood samples from infants of similar gestational age.

Main Results:

HbSNO levels significantly increased from 49.0 ± 17.4 nm in cord blood to 152.3 ± 54.3 nm postnatally (p = 0.0006).
No significant difference was observed in HbFe(II)NO levels between cord blood (267.6 ± 186.5 nm) and postnatal samples (180.3 ± 89.2 nm).

Conclusions:

The observed increase in HbSNO postnatally suggests a potential role in facilitating neonatal pulmonary adaptation.
HbSNO may be an important endogenous mechanism supporting the transition to air breathing in VLBW infants.