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Related Concept Videos

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay02:27

Nonsense-mediated mRNA Decay

The Upf proteins that carry out nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) are found in all eukaryotic organisms, including humans. Each protein has an individual role, but they need to work in collaboration. Upf1 is an ATP-dependent RNA helicase that unwinds the RNA helix. Because Upf1 can unwind any RNA, Upf2 and Upf3 are required to help Upf1 discriminate between nonsense and normal mRNAs.
Usually, Upf3 binds to an Exon Junction Complex (EJC) at mRNA splice sites. If a ribosome fully translates the mRNA,...
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
RNA Stability01:53

RNA Stability

Intact DNA strands can be found in fossils, while scientists sometimes struggle to keep RNA intact under laboratory conditions. The structural variations between RNA and DNA underlie the differences in their stability and longevity. Because DNA is double-stranded, it is inherently more stable. The single-stranded structure of RNA is less stable but also more flexible and can form weak internal bonds. Additionally, most RNAs in the cell are relatively short, while DNA can be up to 250 million...
Leaky Scanning02:28

Leaky Scanning

During most eukaryotic translation processes, the small 40S ribosome subunit scans an mRNA from its 5' end until it encounters the first start AUG codon. The large 60S ribosomal subunit then joins the smaller one to initiate protein synthesis. The location of the translation initiation is largely determined by the nucleotides near the start codon as there may be multiple translation initiation sites present on the mRNA.  Marilyn Kozak discovered that the sequence RCCAUGG (where R stands for...
Translational Regulation01:29

Translational Regulation

Translational regulation in prokaryotes ensures efficient protein synthesis by controlling ribosome access to mRNA. This regulation is mediated by secondary RNA structures, including translational riboswitches, RNA thermometers, and small RNAs (sRNAs), which respond to intracellular and environmental signals to modulate gene expression.Translational RiboswitchesRiboswitches in the leader region of mRNAs can regulate translation by altering the accessibility of the Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence,...

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Using Reverse Genetics to Manipulate the NSs Gene of the Rift Valley Fever Virus MP-12 Strain to Improve Vaccine Safety and Efficacy
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RNase E-dependent processing stabilizes MicX, a Vibrio cholerae sRNA.

Brigid M Davis1, Matthew K Waldor

  • 1Channing Laboratory, Brigham and Women's Hospital, and Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, MA 02111, USA. bdavis@rics.bwh.harvard.edu

Molecular Microbiology
|June 26, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Researchers identified and characterized a small RNA (sRNA) called MicX in Vibrio cholerae. MicX regulates outer membrane proteins and peptide transporters, with processing enhancing its stability and effectiveness.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Bioinformatic analyses in Vibrio cholerae have predicted many small RNA (sRNA)-encoding genes, but their biological functions remain largely unknown.
  • Few sRNAs in Vibrio cholerae have had their biological roles experimentally determined.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To describe the expression, processing, and biological role of a previously identified sRNA (A10) in Vibrio cholerae.
  • To rename the sRNA to MicX and investigate its regulatory targets and mechanisms.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatic prediction of sRNA locations.
  • Gene expression analysis.
  • RNA processing studies using RNase E and Hfq.
  • Regulation studies of outer membrane proteins and peptide transporters.

Main Results:

  • The sRNA A10 was renamed MicX, functioning as a negative regulator of outer membrane protein (OMP) and peptide ABC transporter components.
  • MicX directly regulates vc0972 (uncharacterized OMP) and vc0620 (peptide ABC transporter).
  • Hfq protein is not required for MicX-target interactions.
  • Primary MicX transcripts are processed by RNase E and Hfq into a shorter, more stable, and active form.

Conclusions:

  • MicX is a novel sRNA in Vibrio cholerae regulating key cellular processes.
  • sRNA processing enhances MicX stability and effectiveness, suggesting cleavage is not solely for inactivation.
  • This study advances the understanding of sRNA-mediated gene regulation in bacteria.