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Pattern of congenital heart disease in King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraidah
F Jaiyesimi1, D K Ruberu, V K Misra
1Department of Pediatrics and Department of Medicine, King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraidah, Saudi Arabia.
Insights
Congenital heart disease is common in children, with ventricular septal defects most frequent. Early detection rates were suboptimal, highlighting the need for increased physician awareness and timely diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Cardiology
- Congenital Heart Disease Epidemiology
Background:
- Congenital heart disease (CHD) is a significant global health concern.
- Understanding the prevalence and types of CHD in specific pediatric populations is crucial for targeted interventions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the spectrum and frequency of congenital heart disease in children at King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraidah.
- To compare the epidemiological profile of CHD in this cohort with international data.
- To assess the early detection rates of CHD in the studied population.
Main Methods:
- Retrospective analysis of 379 pediatric cardiac cases.
- Data collection on patient demographics, diagnosis, and etiological factors.
- Calculation of lesion frequencies and comparison with published data from American and European centers.
- Evaluation of cumulative detection rates at key developmental milestones.
Main Results:
- Congenital heart disease was diagnosed in 84.5% (320/379) of pediatric cardiac cases.
- Ventricular septal defects were the most common (38.5%), followed by atrial septal defects (11.5%).
- The study observed a lower incidence of obstructive aortic lesions and a higher incidence of atrial septal defects and atrioventricular canal defects compared to Western cohorts, potentially linked to a higher prevalence of trisomy-21.
- Early detection rates were suboptimal, with only 60% detected by one year of age.
Conclusions:
- Congenital heart disease presents a significant burden in the pediatric population studied.
- Epidemiological patterns of CHD in this region differ from Western populations, with implications for genetic counseling and prenatal screening.
- There is an urgent need to improve awareness and enhance early detection strategies for congenital heart disease among healthcare providers.
Abstract:
Three hundred and twenty (84.5%) of 379 cardiac studied in the Pediatric Cardiology Unit of King Fahd Specialist Hospital, Buraidah, between August 1988 and October 1991 had congenital heard disease. Both sexes were equally affected. Ventricular septal defects were the most common lesions (relative frequency 38.5%), followed by atrial septal defects (11.5%), pulmonary valve stenosis (9%), and patent ductus arteriosus (8%). Compared with American and European children, our patients had a paucity of obstructive aortic lesions (5% versus 109%), and an excess of atrial septal defects (11.5% versus 6.7%) and atrioventricular canal defects (5% versus 2.4%). The latter appeared to be due to the relatively high incidence of trisomy-21 in our patients, which was present in 32 (50.7%) of the 63 patients with identified etiology; that is, in 10% of the 320 patients as against a reported incidence of about 5% in other series. This comparatively high incidence was, in turn, attributable to the relatively advanced age (mean 34.0 +/- 8.3 years) of the mothers of the trisomic children. The cumulative detection rate was suboptimal: 29% at age one month, 53% at six months, and 60% at one year. There is, therefore, a need for increased awareness, especially among primary health and other front-line doctors, and earlier case detection.
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