A cluster of rapidly growing mycobacterial peritoneal dialysis catheter exit-site infections

In this case series, a cluster of 5 consecutive peritoneal dialysis patients with atypical mycobacterial exit-site infections in a single center within 20 months are described. Clinical features, treatment, and outcomes are discussed. Most patients had been treated with prolonged systemic antibiotic therapy for recurrent bacterial exit-site infections in the preceding months, and all had used topical gentamicin ointment for exit-site infection treatment or prophylaxis. It is postulated that this might have predisposed them to atypical mycobacterial exit-site infection as a result of selection pressure on uncommon organisms.