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Assessing the Accuracy of Fitness Smartwatch Data for Cardiovascular and Physical Activity Monitoring: A Validation Study in Digital Health

Assessing the Accuracy of Fitness Smartwatch Data for Cardiovascular and Physical Activity Monitoring: A Validation Study in Digital Health

Published on: February 21, 2025

Comparison of two different physical activity monitors.

David R Paul¹, Matthew Kramer, Alanna J Moshfegh

¹Diet and Human Performance Laboratory, Beltsville Human Nutrition Research Center, Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705, USA. dpaul@uidaho.edu

BMC Medical Research Methodology

|June 27, 2007

Summary

Activity monitors quantify physical activity (PA) but differ between brands. Applying a conversion equation makes data from Actigraph and Actical monitors comparable, especially with log-transformed data.

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Area of Science:

Biomedical engineering
Exercise science
Public health

Background:

Physical activity (PA) research is crucial for understanding disease relationships.
Activity monitors quantify free-living PA over extended periods.
Limited knowledge exists on inter-brand comparability and data conversion for activity monitors.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare physical activity (PA) data from two different activity monitor brands.
To assess the feasibility of converting data between activity monitor brands.

Main Methods:

56 participants wore Actigraph (AGR) and Actical (MM) monitors for 15 days.
Activity monitors were worn on an elasticized belt over the hip.
Data comparability was analyzed using t-tests, Pearson correlations, Bland-Altman plots, and coefficients of variation (CV).

Main Results:

The AGR detected significantly more daily PA than the MM (P < 0.0001).
Raw data showed higher inter-monitor variability (CV 15.5%) than log-transformed data (CV 3.1%).
Applying a conversion equation significantly reduced variability for both raw (CV 11.7%) and log-transformed data (CV 2.2%).

Conclusions:

Direct comparison of physical activity (PA) data between Actigraph and Actical monitors is not recommended.
Data from different activity monitor brands can be made comparable using a conversion equation.
Log-transformed data conversion provides more accurate and comparable results between activity monitor brands.