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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Surgical Approach to Full Soft Tissue Face Allograft Procurement for Vascularized Composite Allotransplantation
Published on: December 30, 2025
[Cosmetic soft-tissue augmentation treatment]
Jacob Pontoppidan Thyssen1, Lise H Christensen, Claus O C Zachariae
1Gentofte Hospital, Dermatologisk Afdeling. pthyssen@hotmail.com
Abstract:
An increasing number of patients undergo soft-tissue augmentation. The quality depends on the applied filler substance, the compliance of the patient and the physician. Long-term adverse reactions are referred to as nodules or granulomas. Nodules following degradable gels and polyacrylamide hydrogel are always caused by bacteria. Nodules following inert, hydrophobic silicone gel and combination gels may emerge years after the injection. They are often caused by a low-grade infection with ensuing enhanced fibrosis and treatment requires a specialist.
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