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Updated: Jan 31, 2026

Isolation of Exosome-Enriched Extracellular Vesicles Carrying Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor from Embryonic Stem Cells
Published on: November 11, 2021
Collecting duct carcinoma producing granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF)
Shimpei Sugiura1, Kazuhide Makiyama, Noboru Nakaigawa
1Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Kanagawa, Japan. sugiura-shm@tu.gc.broad.net.
Abstract:
We present a 67-year-old male with a rare case of collecting duct carcinoma producing granulocyte colony-stimulating factor. He was referred to us with lumbago and fever. Laboratory testing showed leukocytosis and computed tomography revealed a left renal mass. After chemotherapy with gemcitabine and nedaplatin, computed tomography showed a partial response. A left nephroureterectomy was performed. The histopathological diagnosis was collecting duct carcinoma producing granulocyte-colony-stimulating factor. White blood cell levels were reduced to 9900/mm(3). No recurrence was detected after completion of adjuvant chemotherapy and the patient was discharged from the hospital. However, 3 months later, computed tomography revealed multiple lung metastasis. Nedaplatin- based chemotherapy was administered but computed tomography after chemotherapy identified a progressive disease. The patient died 9 months after the operation.
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