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Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Allergic Reactions: Anaphylaxis

Anaphylaxis is a severe, life-threatening hypersensitivity reaction mediated by Immunoglobulin E (IgE) antibodies. When IgE binds to allergens, it triggers the release of mediators– histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins from mast cells and basophils. These mediators cause vasodilation, edema, and inflammation, leading to various symptoms.The primary allergens causing anaphylaxis include food items (e.g., peanuts, shellfish), drugs (e.g., penicillin, asparaginase, corticotropin, heparin),...

Allergic Drug Reactions

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Allergic reactions related to drugs are hypersensitivity responses driven by the immune system and bear no connection to the drug's therapeutic action. While drugs in isolation do not trigger an immune response, they can interact with endogenous proteins to form antigens. These antigens stimulate lymphocytes to produce antibodies. IgE-type antibodies attach themselves to mast cells. Upon subsequent exposure to the same stimulus, the antigen-antibody interaction is initiated, unleashing numerous...

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug Toxicity: Allergic Reactions

Drug-related allergies are immune-mediated responses triggered by the administration of pharmacological agents. These hypersensitivity reactions are classified based on the immune mechanisms involved. The four primary types—Type I, II, III, and IV—are mediated by different immunological pathways and exhibit distinct clinical manifestations.Type I Hypersensitivity/ IgE-Mediated Reactions: Immunoglobulin E (IgE) immediately mediates Type I hypersensitivity reactions. Upon initial exposure to a...

Hypersensitivities

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Hypersensitivity, also known as a hypersensitivity reaction or allergic reaction, is a condition where the body's immune system reacts abnormally to a foreign substance. Such substances, that cause hypersensitivity are referred to as an allergen, could be something typically harmless to most people, like pollen or certain foods.
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Cross-reactivity

Cross-reactivity

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

In Vivo Methods to Assess Retinal Ganglion Cell and Optic Nerve Function and Structure in Large Animals

In Vivo Methods to Assess Retinal Ganglion Cell and Optic Nerve Function and Structure in Large Animals

Published on: February 26, 2022

Goat's milk allergy.

B Tavares¹, C Pereira, F Rodrigues

¹Immunoallergology Department, Coimbra University Hospitals, Coimbra, Portugal. beatriztavares@net.sapo.pt

Allergologia Et Immunopathologia

|June 28, 2007

Summary

Goat's milk allergy, distinct from cow's milk allergy, can be triggered by allergens other than casein. Even minimal protein exposure can cause allergic reactions like urticaria.

Area of Science:

Allergy and Immunology
Food Science

Background:

Goat's milk (GM) allergy, particularly when unassociated with cow's milk (CM) allergy, is infrequently diagnosed.
Caseins are frequently identified as the primary allergens responsible for eliciting allergic responses to GM.

Observation:

A 27-year-old female experienced recurrent urticaria following the consumption of goat's cheese (GC).
The patient tolerated cow's milk, other dairy products, and sheep cheese without adverse reactions.
Diagnostic evaluations included skin prick tests with various milk proteins and immunoblots.

Findings:

Skin tests revealed positive reactions to GM and GC, but were negative for CM.
Immunoblotting demonstrated an IgE-binding protein band of 14 kDa in GM, which was completely inhibited by pre-incubation with GM, suggesting a specific allergen.

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Implications:

These findings suggest that allergens other than caseins may play a significant role in GM allergy.
Even trace amounts of specific proteins in GM can provoke allergic symptoms, highlighting the need for careful diagnosis and management.