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Hearing

Hearing

When we hear a sound, our nervous system is detecting sound waves—pressure waves of mechanical energy traveling through a medium. The frequency of the wave is perceived as pitch, while the amplitude is perceived as loudness.

Perception of Sound Waves

Perception of Sound Waves

The human ear is not equally sensitive to all frequencies in the audible range. It may perceive sound waves with the same pressure but different frequencies as having different loudness. Moreover, the perception of sound waves depends on the health of an individual's ears, which decays with age. The health of one's ears may also be affected by regular exposure to loud noises.
The pitch of a sound depends on the frequency and the pressure amplitude of the source. Two sounds of the same frequency...

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Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Neuro-rehabilitation Approach for Sudden Sensorineural Hearing Loss

Published on: January 25, 2016

Universal hearing screening.

P Nagapoornima¹, A Ramesh,

¹St John's Medical College Hospital, Bangalore, India.

Indian Journal of Pediatrics

|June 28, 2007

Summary

The incidence of neonatal hearing impairment in India is 5.60 per 1000 neonates. This study highlights the need for universal hearing screening in newborns at tertiary care centers.

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Area of Science:

Neonatal care
Audiology
Public health

Background:

Neonatal hearing impairment (NHI) is a significant concern.
Early detection and intervention are crucial for optimal development.
Tertiary care centers in India manage a large number of neonates, including those at risk and not at risk.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the weighted incidence of hearing impairment in a standardized population of neonates seeking care at a tertiary level hospital in India.
To provide data for implementing effective hearing screening programs.

Main Methods:

A prospective cohort study screened 1769 neonates (at risk and not at risk) using transient evoked otoacoustic emissions.
Weighting was performed based on a standardized population of 10% at-risk and 90% not-at-risk infants.
Statistical analysis included Z-test and 95% confidence intervals to determine external validity.

Main Results:

The overall incidence of hearing impairment was 5.65 per 1000 screened neonates.
Incidence was higher in at-risk neonates (10.75 per 1000) compared to not-at-risk neonates (4.70 per 1000).
The weighted incidence in a standardized population was calculated as 5.60 per 1000, with a 95% confidence interval of 4.13-7.06.

Conclusions:

The weighted incidence of 5.60 per 1000 neonates indicates a significant public health issue.
Pediatricians should consider incorporating basic hearing screening for all neonates.
Cost-effective technologies like behavioral observation and otoacoustic emissions are recommended for initial screening.