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Related Concept Videos

Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...

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Related Experiment Video

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Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity
06:46

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity

Published on: March 18, 2019

Frontoparietal activation with preparation for antisaccades.

Matthew R G Brown1, Tutis Vilis, Stefan Everling

  • 1Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Western Ontario, Ontario, Canada.

Journal of Neurophysiology
|June 29, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Cognitive control involves frontoparietal areas biasing brain processing. This study found greater preparatory brain activation for antisaccades versus prosaccades, even with short reaction times, highlighting the role of prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex.

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Investigating the Deployment of Visual Attention Before Accurate and Averaging Saccades via Eye Tracking and Assessment of Visual Sensitivity
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Correlating Behavioral Responses to fMRI Signals from Human Prefrontal Cortex: Examining Cognitive Processes Using Task Analysis
10:33

Correlating Behavioral Responses to fMRI Signals from Human Prefrontal Cortex: Examining Cognitive Processes Using Task Analysis

Published on: June 20, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Brain Imaging

Background:

  • Cognitive control models propose frontoparietal areas bias processing.
  • Previous fMRI studies showed greater antisaccade activation with long preparatory periods.
  • Short preparatory periods (<4s) yielded limited activation differences, except in the frontal eye field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate preparatory activation differences between prosaccades and antisaccades using short (1-s) preparatory periods in a rapid fMRI design.
  • To identify specific frontoparietal regions involved in cognitive control during antisaccade tasks.
  • To differentiate the roles of prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex in task preparation versus response generation.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized a rapid functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) design with interleaved whole and half trials.
  • Subjects performed prosaccade (look toward stimulus) and antisaccade (look away from stimulus) tasks.
  • Half trials, including only instruction, were used to isolate preparatory activation.

Main Results:

  • Half trials revealed stronger activation for antisaccades than prosaccades in frontal eye field (FEF), supplementary eye field (SEF), left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), intraparietal sulcus (IPS), and precuneus.
  • Greater antisaccade response-related activation was observed in FEF, SEF, IPS, and precuneus.
  • DLPFC and ACC showed preparatory activation but not response-related activation differences.

Conclusions:

  • Demonstrated greater preparatory activation for antisaccades versus prosaccades in frontoparietal areas, even with short preparation times.
  • Suggests prefrontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex are more involved in presetting the saccade network for antisaccade tasks.
  • Highlights the utility of rapid fMRI designs with half trials for studying cognitive control mechanisms.