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Related Concept Videos

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Type 2 and Gestational

Type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance, arises when the insulin receptors on cells lose responsiveness to insulin, diminishing the cell's capacity to take up glucose, resulting in elevated blood glucose levels. To receive a diagnosis of Type 2 diabetes, a series of blood glucose tests are necessary to assess whether the blood glucose falls within normal parameters. If the result is out of the normal range, a patient may be diagnosed as prediabetic or diabetic, depending on the...
Pathophysiology of Diabetes01:20

Pathophysiology of Diabetes

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by hyperglycemia. The four categories of diabetes are type 1 diabetes, type 2 diabetes, other specific types of diabetes, and gestational diabetes.
Type 1 diabetes is characterized by autoimmune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β cells, with environmental factors potentially triggering this process in genetically susceptible individuals. Despite many not having a family history, certain genes increase susceptibility, suggesting a...
Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy01:15

Diabetes: Management and Pharmacotherapy

The therapy for diabetes aims to alleviate hyperglycemia-related symptoms, prevent acute metabolic decompensation, and reduce chronic end-organ complications. Glycemic control is evaluated through short-term (self-monitoring, continuous glucose monitoring) and long-term (A1c, fructosamine) metrics, enabling near real-time tracking of blood glucose levels and reflecting glycemic control over specific time frames.
Insulin remains the cornerstone of treatment for most patients with type 1 and many...
Hypoglycemia and Glucagon01:15

Hypoglycemia and Glucagon

Without prolonged fasting, healthy individuals maintain blood glucose levels above 3.5 mM due to a well-adapted neuroendocrine counterregulatory system that effectively prevents acute hypoglycemia, a potentially life-threatening condition. The primary clinical scenarios for hypoglycemia encompass diabetes treatment, inappropriate production of endogenous insulin or insulin-like substances by tumors, and the use of glucose-lowering agents in non-diabetic individuals. Notably, hypoglycemia in the...
Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype01:22

Diabetes Mellitus: Overview and Type I Subtype

Diabetes mellitus is a chronic metabolic disorder characterized by high blood glucose levels due to inadequate insulin production, insulin resistance, or both. The condition affects millions worldwide and can significantly impact their health and quality of life.
Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys the insulin-producing beta cells in the pancreas. As a result, the body is unable to produce sufficient insulin, and individuals with...
Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction01:26

Diabetes Mellitus: Introduction

Diabetes mellitus consists of chronic metabolic disorders characterized by persistent hyperglycemia. This elevated blood glucose results from defects in insulin secretion, impaired insulin action, or both. Insulin, produced by pancreatic β-cells, is essential for maintaining glucose homeostasis by facilitating cellular glucose uptake for energy or storage. Disruptions in insulin production or function lead to glucose accumulation in the bloodstream, causing the clinical features and long-term...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Obstetric management in gestational diabetes.

Deborah L Conway1

  • 1Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Health Science Center-San Antonio, 7703 Floyd Curl Dr., San Antonio, TX 78229, USA. conway@uthscsa.edu

Diabetes Care
|February 27, 2008
PubMed
Summary

Obstetric management for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) lacks updated recommendations due to insufficient clinical studies. Further research is needed for antenatal fetal surveillance and optimal delivery timing/mode to prevent fetal injury in GDM pregnancies.

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Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital
12:08

Improving IV Insulin Administration in a Community Hospital

Published on: June 11, 2012

Area of Science:

  • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
  • Endocrinology
  • Obstetrics

Background:

  • Current recommendations for managing gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) were established in 1997.
  • There is a lack of recent, high-quality clinical studies to refine these guidelines.
  • Controversies persist regarding optimal obstetric management for women with GDM.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review and identify areas of controversy in the obstetric management of GDM.
  • To assess the need for updated recommendations based on current evidence.
  • To highlight gaps in research and suggest future directions.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature and recommendations from the Fourth International Workshop-Conference on GDM.
  • Analysis of the current state of research regarding antenatal fetal surveillance and delivery management in GDM.
  • Identification of areas requiring further investigation through controlled clinical studies.

Main Results:

  • Significant refinement of existing recommendations is not possible due to a lack of robust clinical studies since 1997.
  • Ongoing cohort studies may offer indirect insights into antenatal fetal surveillance for milder GDM cases.
  • Large, well-controlled prospective studies are urgently needed to determine optimal timing and mode of delivery to prevent fetal injury.

Conclusions:

  • The obstetric management of GDM requires more evidence-based refinement, particularly concerning fetal surveillance and delivery strategies.
  • Future research should focus on well-controlled prospective studies to address current knowledge gaps.
  • Advancements in imaging techniques and their wider availability could aid in identifying high-risk maternal-fetal pairs for optimized delivery decisions.