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Appendicitis

Appendicitis

Appendicitis is an acute inflammatory condition of the vermiform appendix, most commonly caused by obstruction of its lumen. The appendix is a narrow, blind-ended pouch that extends from the cecum, making it particularly prone to obstruction. Causes include fecaliths, lymphoid hyperplasia (often after viral infections), parasites, tumors, or foreign bodies. This obstruction initiates a cascade of pathological changes.Luminal Obstruction and Early InflammationAfter obstruction, normal mucosal...

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Assessment of the Rectum and Anus

Evaluating the rectum and anus plays a crucial role in conducting a thorough physical examination of the gastrointestinal system. Although it may be uncomfortable and often embarrassing for the patient, it holds immense diagnostic value, particularly in detecting gastrointestinal diseases and abnormalities. This guide will explain how to perform this assessment using inspection and palpation methods.
Rectal Inspection
Begin by inspecting the perianal and anal areas for color, texture, rashes,...

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

Appendicitis-I: Introduction

The appendix, a small, narrow, blind tube extending from the inferior part of the cecum, is widely regarded as a vestigial organ, having lost much of its original function through evolution. Despite its diminished role, the appendix can become inflamed, a condition known as appendicitis.
Etiology: Appendicitis can arise from various causes, primarily rooted in the obstruction of the appendix lumen. Factors contributing to this obstruction include fecal accumulation, lymphoid hyperplasia and, in...

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An unusual abdominal mass: case report.

H Saidi¹, U Mohammed, M Machoki

¹Department of Surgery, Aga Khan Hospital, Nairobi, Kenya.

East African Medical Journal

|June 30, 2007

Summary

Retained surgical gauze can cause intra-abdominal masses and chronic pain, even a year after a Caesarian section. This case highlights the importance of meticulous surgical instrument and sponge counts to prevent such complications.

Area of Science:

Gastroenterology
Surgical Safety

Background:

Intra-abdominal masses present diverse etiologies, from benign to malignant, sometimes leading to significant medical-legal consequences.
Chronic abdominal pain can be a symptom of various intra-abdominal pathologies, necessitating thorough diagnostic evaluation.

Observation:

A 40-year-old African female presented with chronic right-sided abdominal pain and a palpable mass in the right mid-abdomen.
The patient had a history of a Caesarian section one year prior to her presentation.

Findings:

Imaging features and surgical history suggested a preoperative diagnosis of an abdominal mass caused by retained surgical gauze.
The mass was confirmed to be a result of a gossypiboma, a foreign body granuloma secondary to retained surgical sponge.

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Implications:

This case underscores the critical importance of accurate surgical instrument and sponge counts in preventing retained surgical items.
It highlights potential patient harm and medical-legal ramifications stemming from lapses in operating room protocols.
Emphasizes the need for vigilance and adherence to safety procedures to ensure patient well-being and surgical outcomes.