Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

The Electrical Double Layer

The Electrical Double Layer

In the region where two bulk phases meet, an intricate electric charge distribution arises due to charge transfer, ion adsorption, molecular orientation, and charge distortion. This complex distribution is commonly referred to as the electrical double layer.When a solid electrode interfaces with ions in an electrolyte solution, the speed of electron transfer dictates the rates of oxidation and reduction. The electrode acquires a charge through the escape of atoms into the solution as cations or...

Processes at Electrodes

Processes at Electrodes

The electrode interacts with ions in the electrolyte solution at its interface. The rate of oxidation and reduction depends on the speed at which electrons can transfer through this interface. As ions attach to or leave the electrode surface, the electrode acquires a charge, and an electrical potential forms across the interface, making the process more difficult to reach equilibrium. The charge on the electrode affects the local ion concentrations in the solution, though thermal motion...

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

Atomic Nuclei: Types of Nuclear Relaxation

Nuclear relaxation restores the equilibrium population imbalance and can occur via spin–lattice or spin–spin mechanisms, which are first-order exponential decay processes.
In spin–lattice or longitudinal relaxation, the excited spins exchange energy with the surrounding lattice as they return to the lower energy level. Among several mechanisms that contribute to spin–lattice relaxation, magnetic dipolar interactions are significant. Here, the excited nucleus transfers energy to a nearby...

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics

Electrostatic Boundary Conditions in Dielectrics

When an electric field passes from one homogeneous medium to another, crossing the boundary between the two mediums imparts a discontinuity in the electric field. This results in electrostatic boundary conditions that depend on the type of mediums the field propagates through.
Consider a case where both the mediums across a boundary are two different dielectric materials. Recall that the electric field and electric displacement are proportional and related through the material's permittivity.

Fast Reactions

Fast Reactions

Fast reactions occurring in times shorter than the time needed to mix reactants pose a unique challenge for investigation. In a liquid-phase continuous-flow system, reactants A and B are swiftly pushed into the mixing chamber, where mixing occurs within 1 ms. The reaction mixture then flows through an observation tube, and one measures light absorption to determine species concentrations at various points of the tube. This method is most appropriate when relatively large volumes of reactants...

Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview

Interfacial Electrochemical Methods: Overview

Interfacial electrochemical methods focus on the phenomena occurring at the boundary between an electrode and a solution, as opposed to bulk methods that concentrate on the solution's overall properties. These interfacial methods are classified as either static or dynamic based on the presence of a nonzero current in the electrochemical cell and the consistency of analyte concentrations. Static methods, such as potentiometry, measure the cell's potential without any significant current passing...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

From illumination to prediction: a kinetic model for photoredox catalytic activity.

Physical chemistry chemical physics : PCCP·2026

Same author

The Curious Case of Dual Emission in 9,10-Bis(phenylethynyl)anthracene.

Journal of the American Chemical Society·2026

Same author

Electron transfer controlled by hydrogen bond donor/acceptor exchange in [H2O]6.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025

Same author

Molecular dynamics of water hexamer anions at cryogenic temperatures.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025

Same author

Isomerization-assisted proton transfers in MeOH-(H2O)2H.

The Journal of chemical physics·2025

Same author

A Bond-Based Machine Learning Model for Molecular Polarizabilities and A Priori Raman Spectra.

Journal of chemical theory and computation·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids

The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids

Published on: September 30, 2014

Excess electron relaxation dynamics at water/air interfaces.

Adám Madarász¹, Peter J Rossky, László Turi

¹Department of Physical Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest 112, P.O. Box 32, Budapest H-1518, Hungary.

The Journal of Chemical Physics

|June 30, 2007

Summary

Excess electrons at water interfaces rapidly stabilize in surface-bound states. Stable states, particularly on supercooled water and ice interfaces, feature specific hydrogen-bonding patterns, correlating with cluster anion behavior.

More Related Videos

Total Internal Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (TIRAS) for the Detection of Solvated Electrons at a Plasma-liquid Interface

Total Internal Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (TIRAS) for the Detection of Solvated Electrons at a Plasma-liquid Interface

Published on: January 24, 2018

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: May 27, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids

The Preparation of Electrohydrodynamic Bridges from Polar Dielectric Liquids

Published on: September 30, 2014

Total Internal Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (TIRAS) for the Detection of Solvated Electrons at a Plasma-liquid Interface

Total Internal Reflection Absorption Spectroscopy (TIRAS) for the Detection of Solvated Electrons at a Plasma-liquid Interface

Published on: January 24, 2018

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Probing the Structure and Dynamics of Interfacial Water with Scanning Tunneling Microscopy and Spectroscopy

Published on: May 27, 2018

Area of Science:

Physical Chemistry
Computational Chemistry
Materials Science

Background:

Excess electrons in condensed phases exhibit complex localization behaviors.
Understanding electron dynamics at interfaces is crucial for various chemical and physical processes.

Purpose of the Study:

Investigate the relaxation dynamics of excess electrons at different water-air interfaces.
Explore connections between interfacial electron states and finite-size cluster anions.
Characterize the factors influencing electron localization and stabilization at surfaces.

Main Methods:

Mixed quantum-classical molecular dynamics simulations.
Analysis of electron localization sites and dynamics.
Characterization of interfacial water structures and hydrogen bonding.

Main Results:

Electrons initially form diffuse, surface-bound (SB) states at all water-air interfaces.
Ultrafast localization and radius collapse occur with nuclear relaxation.
Ambient water interfaces show slow electron diffusion into the bulk.
Supercooled water and ice interfaces exhibit persistent, stable SB states with specific hydrogen-bonding motifs (double acceptors).

Conclusions:

The stability of surface-bound excess electron states depends on the phase of water.
Specific hydrogen-bonding environments, particularly double acceptors, stabilize electrons at interfaces.
Interfacial electron states show correlations with extrapolated infinite-size cluster anion properties.