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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Wastewater Irrigation Impacts on Soil Hydraulic Conductivity: Coupled Field Sampling and Laboratory Determination of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity

Wastewater Irrigation Impacts on Soil Hydraulic Conductivity: Coupled Field Sampling and Laboratory Determination of Saturated Hydraulic Conductivity

Published on: August 19, 2018

Characterizing hydraulic conductivity with the direct-push permeameter.

James J Butler¹, Peter Dietrich, Volker Wittig

¹Kansas Geological Survey, The University of Kansas, 1930 Constant Avenue, Lawrence, KS 66047, USA. jbutler@kgs.ku.edu

|June 30, 2007

Summary

The direct-push permeameter (DPP) offers rapid, high-resolution hydraulic conductivity (K) measurements in shallow soils. This method accurately estimates K, proving effective across various field conditions.

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Area of Science:

Geotechnical Engineering
Hydrogeology
Environmental Science

Background:

Accurate assessment of subsurface hydraulic conductivity (K) is crucial for understanding groundwater flow and contaminant transport.
Existing methods for determining vertical K variations can be time-consuming and may be affected by soil disturbance.
The direct-push permeameter (DPP) was developed to address these limitations in shallow unconsolidated settings.

Purpose of the Study:

To evaluate the effectiveness and reliability of the direct-push permeameter (DPP) for estimating hydraulic conductivity (K).
To assess the DPP's capability for obtaining high-resolution vertical K profiles.
To validate DPP-derived K estimates against established methods.

Main Methods:

The direct-push permeameter (DPP) is a small-diameter tool with a screened section and transducers.
The DPP is advanced into the subsurface to the desired testing depth.
Constant-rate water injection and pressure monitoring are used to calculate K based on Darcy's Law.

Main Results:

The DPP provides high-resolution estimates of hydraulic conductivity (K).
Testing is rapid, with single-level tests completed in 10–15 minutes for K > 1 m/d.
DPP estimates showed good agreement with results from other methods across a wide K range (0.02 to 500 m/d).
The method is insensitive to the compaction zone created during tool advancement.

Conclusions:

The direct-push permeameter (DPP) is a promising tool for efficient, high-resolution K assessment in shallow unconsolidated environments.
DPP technology offers a valuable alternative for field investigations requiring detailed vertical K data.
The DPP's speed and accuracy make it suitable for practical hydrogeological studies.