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Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment

Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...

Survey Safety

Survey Safety

Surveying near highways, rough terrain, or power lines involves significant risks. Working along highways is particularly dangerous and requires the use of warning signs and flagmen. It is safest to avoid working directly on roads and use offsets whenever possible. When highway work is unavoidable, it must follow all safety guidelines. Surveyors should wear bright clothing, such as orange reflective vests, to ensure visibility to motorists, coworkers, and hunters. In construction zones, wearing...

Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions

Masonry in Cold and Hot Weather Conditions

In cold weather, masonry construction requires specific precautions to ensure mortar does not freeze before curing, as this can significantly weaken its strength and watertightness. Mortar temperature should be maintained between 60°F and 80°F to support proper hydration and curing. Below 40°F, mortar water must be heated, but should not exceed 120°F as high temperatures can reduce mortar's compressive and bond strength.
Other key practices include keeping masonry units and sand dry and...

Standard Precaution

Standard Precaution

Standard precautions are the minimum infection control safeguards used while caring for all patients, irrespective of their disease condition. They help prevent the spread of common infectious microorganisms to healthcare workers, patients, and visitors in all healthcare settings.
Hand hygiene is the most crucial means to prevent the transmission of disease. Employers are legally required to provide their workers with personal protective equipment (PPE) to minimize exposure or contact with...

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP)

Hazard Analysis and Critical Control Points (HACCP) is a science-based, preventive system used globally to ensure food safety by identifying, evaluating, and controlling biological, chemical, and physical hazards throughout food production. Originally developed by NASA and the Pillsbury Company for astronaut food, HACCP is now a core component of the Codex Alimentarius.HACCP operates on prerequisite programs—such as Good Manufacturing Practices (GMPs), sanitation procedures, and supplier...

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

Transmission-based Precautions I: Contact, Enteric, and Droplets

Transmission-based precautions are for patients known to be infected or suspected to be infected or colonized with organisms that pose a significant risk to others. Some transmission-based precautions include contact, enteric, and droplet.
Contact Precautions:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 1. Biosafety Level 4 Suit Laboratory Suite Entry and Exit Procedures

Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 1. Biosafety Level 4 Suit Laboratory Suite Entry and Exit Procedures

Published on: October 3, 2016

Confined space entry: mitigating risk in general industry.

¹Baxter Healthcare Corporation, Deerfield, IL, USA.

AAOHN Journal : Official Journal of the American Association of Occupational Health Nurses

|July 3, 2007

Summary

Confined space entry requires understanding hazards and regulations for safety. Special procedures and rescue plans are crucial for permit-required confined spaces to prevent harm.

Area of Science:

Occupational Health and Safety
Industrial Hygiene

Background:

Confined spaces pose significant risks, including potential harm, injury, or death.
Permit-required confined spaces necessitate specialized safety protocols due to inherent hazards.

Purpose of the Study:

To provide an overview of confined space hazards and regulatory requirements.
To outline safe entry procedures and responsibilities for confined space operations.
To discuss rescue requirements and implications for effective program management.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature and regulatory standards for confined space entry.
Analysis of common hazards, risks, and control measures.
Discussion of roles and responsibilities for entrants, attendants, and supervisors.

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Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 3. Aerobiology

Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 3. Aerobiology

Published on: October 3, 2016

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 1. Biosafety Level 4 Suit Laboratory Suite Entry and Exit Procedures

Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 1. Biosafety Level 4 Suit Laboratory Suite Entry and Exit Procedures

Published on: October 3, 2016

Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 3. Aerobiology

Safety Precautions and Operating Procedures in an (A)BSL-4 Laboratory: 3. Aerobiology

Published on: October 3, 2016

Main Results:

Identification of key hazards associated with confined spaces (e.g., atmospheric, physical, engulfment).
Explanation of permit-required confined space criteria and documentation.
Emphasis on the importance of training, communication, and emergency preparedness.

Conclusions:

A comprehensive understanding of confined space hazards and regulations is fundamental for safe entry.
Effective confined space programs require clear procedures, defined responsibilities, and robust rescue plans.
Occupational health nurses play a vital role in supporting Environmental Health and Safety (EHS) teams in establishing and maintaining these programs.