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Proteoglycans

Proteoglycans

Glycans, a class of complex heterogeneous molecules, can be covalently attached to proteins to form glycosylated proteins that regulate various physiological and pathological processes. Glycosylated proteins or glycoproteins comprise N-linked and O-linked oligosaccharides. O-glycosylation is the most common type of protein glycosylation. Here, glycans attach to the oxygen atom of the hydroxyl groups of Serine or Threonine residues. O-linked glycosylation occurs later in protein processing,...

Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins

Matrix Proteoglycans and Glycoproteins

Proteoglycans are extensively glycosylated proteins, commonly found in the extracellular matrix, interwoven with collagen fibers. Hyaline cartilage, the most common type of cartilage in the body, consists of short and dispersed collagen fibers associated with large amounts of proteoglycans. These proteoglycans have long negative charges that attract cations, which in turn attract water molecules. This influx of ions and water molecules swells up the proteoglycan like a water-soaked gel that can...

Connective Tissue Fibers and Ground Substance

Connective Tissue Fibers and Ground Substance

One of the significant functions of connective tissue is connecting tissues and organs. Unlike epithelial tissue that is composed of cells closely packed with little or no extracellular space in between, connective tissue cells are dispersed in a matrix. The matrix usually includes a large amount of extracellular material produced by the connective tissue cells that are embedded within it. It plays a significant role in the functioning of this tissue. The major component of the matrix is a...

Glycosaminoglycans

Glycosaminoglycans

Glycosaminoglycans (GAGs), also known as mucopolysaccharides, are long and linear polymers comprising of specific repeating disaccharides - the amino sugar that can be N-acetylglucosamine or N-acetylgalactosamine, and a uronic acid that is usually glucuronic acid or iduronic acid.
GAGS are found in the extracellular matrix of vertebrates, invertebrates, and bacteria. Due to their polar nature they attract water, and serve as excellent lubricants or shock absorbers in an animal body.
Hyaluronic...

The Extracellular Matrix

The Extracellular Matrix

Overview
In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.
Composition of the Extracellular Matrix
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse...

The Extracellular Matrix

The Extracellular Matrix

In order to maintain tissue organization, many animal cells are surrounded by structural molecules that make up the extracellular matrix (ECM). Together, the molecules in the ECM maintain the structural integrity of tissue as well as the remarkable specific properties of certain tissues.Composition of the Extracellular MatrixThe extracellular matrix (ECM) is commonly composed of ground substance, a gel-like fluid, fibrous components, and many structurally and functionally diverse molecules.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Glycoproteomics of the Extracellular Matrix: A Method for Intact Glycopeptide Analysis Using Mass Spectrometry

Glycoproteomics of the Extracellular Matrix: A Method for Intact Glycopeptide Analysis Using Mass Spectrometry

Published on: April 21, 2017

Peritoneal proteoglycans: much more than ground substance.

Susan Yung¹, Tak Mao Chan

¹Department of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong. ssyyung@hkucc.hku.hk

Peritoneal Dialysis International : Journal of the International Society for Peritoneal Dialysis

|July 3, 2007

Summary

Proteoglycans significantly impact biological processes, influencing health and disease. This review explores their roles in peritoneal homeostasis, inflammation, and fibrosis, particularly in chronic peritoneal dialysis and peritonitis.

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Enrichment of Extracellular Matrix Proteins from Tissues and Digestion into Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Enrichment of Extracellular Matrix Proteins from Tissues and Digestion into Peptides for Mass Spectrometry Analysis

Published on: July 23, 2015

Area of Science:

Glycobiology
Biochemistry
Cell Biology

Background:

Proteoglycans are key regulators of numerous physiological and pathological processes.
Their roles span from embryonic development and inflammation to cancer metastasis.
Understanding proteoglycan function is crucial for various medical fields.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the biosynthesis and multifaceted roles of proteoglycans in health and disease.
To investigate the specific involvement of proteoglycans in peritoneal homeostasis.
To examine their contribution to peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis in the context of chronic peritoneal dialysis and peritonitis.

Main Methods:

Literature review of recent advances in glycobiology.
Analysis of proteoglycan biosynthesis pathways.
Synthesis of data on proteoglycan functions in physiological and pathological conditions.

Main Results:

Proteoglycans exhibit diverse biological functions, impacting cellular activities and tissue structures.
Evidence suggests proteoglycans play significant roles in maintaining peritoneal membrane integrity.
Dysregulation of proteoglycans is implicated in the progression of peritoneal fibrosis and inflammation.

Conclusions:

Proteoglycans are critical players in biological regulation, with implications for various diseases.
Further research into proteoglycans is warranted for therapeutic strategies in peritoneal dialysis patients.
Targeting proteoglycan pathways may offer new avenues for managing peritoneal inflammation and fibrosis.