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Related Concept Videos

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology01:29

Hemorrhagic Stroke ll: Pathophysiology

A hemorrhagic stroke develops when a cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to escape into the surrounding brain tissue, as in intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), or into the subarachnoid space, as in subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH). Because the skull is a rigid compartment, the sudden presence of extravascular blood rapidly increases intracranial pressure and compresses adjacent neural structures, leading to immediate tissue injury and impaired cerebral perfusion.Mass Effect and Primary...
Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction01:17

Hemorrhagic Stroke l: Introduction

A hemorrhagic stroke is an acute neurological event that occurs when a weakened cerebral blood vessel ruptures, allowing blood to accumulate within or around the brain. The sudden release of blood forms a focal hematoma that increases intracranial pressure, displaces neural tissue, and can obstruct cerebrospinal fluid pathways. These effects may be compounded by intraventricular extension of the hemorrhage, cerebral edema, or compression of adjacent structures, all of which contribute to...
Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction01:14

Increased Intracranial Pressure l: Introduction

Intracranial hypertension is a sustained elevation of intracranial pressure (ICP) above 22 mm Hg. In supine adults, normal ICP is ~7–15 mm Hg.The rigid, nonexpandable cranium contains three components—brain tissue, blood, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)—that total ~1,700 mL in a typical adult: 1,400 mL brain (~80%), 150 mL blood (~10%), and 150 mL CSF (~10%). According to the Monro–Kellie doctrine, total intracranial volume is effectively fixed. When one component expands, CSF and venous blood...
Brain Abscess l: Introduction01:26

Brain Abscess l: Introduction

A brain abscess is a focal, intracerebral infection characterized by a localized collection of pus within the brain parenchyma, resulting from microbial invasion and the body’s inflammatory response. It progresses through stages: early and late cerebritis, followed by early and late capsule formation, reflecting tissue destruction, immune response, and eventual encapsulation.Etiology and PathogenesisCausative organisms vary with source and host factors, often involving polymicrobial infections,...
Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology01:22

Cerebral Edema ll: Pathophysiology

Vasogenic edema is a major form of cerebral edema characterized by abnormal accumulation of fluid in the brain’s extracellular space due to disruption of the blood–brain barrier (BBB). The BBB is a specialized structure composed of endothelial cells connected by tight junctions, supported by astrocytic endfeet and a basement membrane. Under normal conditions, it tightly regulates the movement of ions, proteins, and solutes between the bloodstream and brain parenchyma. When this barrier loses...
Cerebral Edema l: Introduction01:19

Cerebral Edema l: Introduction

Cerebral edema is a pathological increase in brain water content that disrupts intracranial pressure regulation and impairs neurological function. Because the cranial vault is rigid, even modest increases in tissue volume can compromise cerebral perfusion, distort neural structures, and initiate secondary injury. Cerebral edema develops through four principal mechanisms: vasogenic, cytotoxic, interstitial, and ionic.Vasogenic EdemaVasogenic edema arises from disruption of the blood–brain...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model
09:14

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model

Published on: June 18, 2021

[Acute non-traumatic extensive subdural spinal hematoma].

D N'dri Oka1, B Aesch, M Jan

  • 1Service de neurochirurgie, hôpital Bretonneau, 2 bis, boulevard Tonnellé, 37044 Tours cedex, France. ndriokad@yahoo.fr

Neuro-Chirurgie
|July 3, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Acute spinal subdural hematoma, a rare condition causing spinal cord compression, requires prompt surgical evacuation. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) aids in diagnosis, especially in patients on anticoagulants.

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model
09:14

Pre-Chiasmatic, Single Injection of Autologous Blood to Induce Experimental Subarachnoid Hemorrhage in a Rat Model

Published on: June 18, 2021

Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Neuroradiology
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Acute spinal subdural hematoma is a rare but severe condition causing acute spinal cord compression.
  • Patients on anticoagulant therapy or with coagulation disorders are at increased risk.
  • Differential diagnosis between subdural and epidural hematoma can be challenging.

Observation:

  • A 79-year-old patient with significant vascular risk factors (hypertension, anticoagulants) presented with acute spinal cord compression.
  • Clinical suspicion of non-traumatic subdural spinal hematoma was high.
  • Spinal cord MRI supported the diagnosis, which was confirmed during surgery.

Findings:

  • Intraoperative findings revealed an extensive hematoma infiltrating the spinal cord.
  • The diagnosis of non-traumatic subdural spinal hematoma was confirmed surgically.
  • The study discusses underlying mechanisms and compares findings with existing literature.

Implications:

  • Spinal subdural hematoma should be considered in patients with acute spinal cord compression, particularly those on anticoagulants.
  • MRI, specifically sagittal T1 and T2-weighted images, is a reliable diagnostic tool.
  • Urgent surgical evacuation of the hematoma is critical for patient outcomes.