Fish intake and LPA 93C>T polymorphism: gene-environment interaction in modulating lipoprotein (a) concentrations

Area of Science:

• Cardiovascular Genetics
• Nutritional Epidemiology
• Molecular Biology

Background:

• High plasma lipoprotein (a) [Lp(a)] concentrations are a significant independent risk factor for atherosclerotic diseases.
• Currently, no effective interventions to reduce Lp(a) levels have been established.
• Understanding genetic and dietary factors influencing Lp(a) is crucial for developing preventative strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the impact of LPA gene polymorphisms (LPA 93C>T and LPA 121G>A) and dietary habits on Lp(a) concentrations.
• To explore potential interactions between these genetic variations and nutritional intake in modulating Lp(a) levels.

Main Methods:

• A study of 647 healthy Italian subjects (260 males, 387 females) aged 19-78.
• Linear regression analysis was used to assess the influence of fish intake and LPA polymorphisms on Lp(a) levels.
• Adjustments were made for smoking, C-reactive protein, and LDL-cholesterol concentrations.

Main Results:

• Fish intake was negatively correlated with Lp(a) concentrations (beta=-0.174, p=0.04).
• The LPA 93C>T polymorphism significantly affected Lp(a) levels in a dose-dependent manner, with lower concentrations in carriers of the T allele.
• A significant interaction was observed between fish intake and the LPA 93C>T polymorphism, leading to further reductions in Lp(a).

Conclusions:

• Dietary fish intake and the LPA 93C>T polymorphism interact to decrease plasma Lp(a) concentrations.
• Individuals with the LPA 93C>T T allele and high fish consumption exhibit lower Lp(a) levels.
• These findings suggest a potential combined strategy for managing Lp(a) levels through diet and genetic considerations.