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Related Concept Videos

Modes of Standing Waves - I01:03

Modes of Standing Waves - I

A close look at earthquakes provides evidence for the conditions appropriate for resonance, standing waves, and constructive and destructive interference. A building may vibrate for several seconds with a driving frequency matching the building's natural frequency of vibration; this produces a resonance that results in one building collapsing while the neighboring buildings do not. Often, buildings of a certain height are devastated, while other taller buildings remain intact. This phenomenon...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)01:19

2D NMR: Heteronuclear Single-Quantum Correlation Spectroscopy (HSQC)

Heteronuclear single-quantum correlation spectroscopy (HSQC) is a 2D NMR technique that reveals one-bond correlations between hydrogen and a heteronucleus. The HSQC experiment is similar to the heteronuclear correlation experiment (HETCOR) but is more sensitive. In the HSQC spectrum, the proton chemical shift is plotted on the horizontal F2 axis, while the 13C chemical shift is plotted on the vertical F1 axis. The corresponding proton and 13C spectra are also shown. The HSQC contour plot does...
Generation of Three-Phase Voltage01:21

Generation of Three-Phase Voltage

A three-phase AC generator has a rotor with a rotating magnet placed within the stator mounted with the stationary three-phase winding to generate three-phase voltages via mutual induction. These windings are evenly distributed around the inner circumference of the stator and are arranged 120 electrical degrees apart. Three-phase stator windings consist of three separate coils or groups of coils, known as phases, each connected in Y (star) configuration or Delta configuration.
As the rotor...
¹H NMR: Complex Splitting01:13

¹H NMR: Complex Splitting

A proton M that is coupled to a proton X results in doublet signals for M. However, NMR-active nuclei can be simultaneously coupled to more than one nonequivalent nucleus. When M is coupled to a second proton A, such as in styrene oxide, each peak in the doublet is split into another doublet.
Splitting diagrams or splitting tree diagrams are routinely used to depict such complex couplings. While drawing splitting diagrams, the splitting with the larger coupling constant is usually applied first.
Modes of Standing Waves: II01:04

Modes of Standing Waves: II

The starting point for expressing the modes of standing waves is understanding the boundary conditions that the waves must follow. The boundary conditions are derived from the physical understanding of how the standing waves are sustained, that is, how the vibrating particles of the medium behave at the boundaries imposed on them.
For a tube open at one end and closed at the other filled with air, the modes are such that there is always an antinode at the open end and a node at the closed end.

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Measurement of Quantum Interference in a Silicon Ring Resonator Photon Source
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Third-harmonic generation in quasi-phase-matched chi(2) media with missing second harmonic.

Stefano Longhi1

  • 1Dipartimento di Fisica and Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie del CNR, Politecnico di Milano, Piazza Leonardo da Vinci, 32, I-20133 Milano, Italy. longhi@fisi.polimi.it

Optics Letters
|July 3, 2007
PubMed
Summary

A novel optical scheme directly converts fundamental light to third-harmonic light in engineered quasi-phase-matched structures. This method bypasses second-harmonic generation, drawing parallels to atomic physics population transfer techniques.

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Area of Science:

  • Nonlinear optics
  • Quantum optics
  • Materials science

Background:

  • Quasi-phase-matching (QPM) in nonlinear optical structures is crucial for efficient frequency conversion.
  • Conventional third-harmonic generation (THG) typically involves a cascaded second-harmonic generation (SHG) process.
  • Existing THG methods often suffer from inefficiencies due to intermediate harmonic generation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To propose a novel, conceptually different scheme for third-harmonic generation (THG).
  • To achieve direct conversion of fundamental-frequency (FF) light to third-harmonic (3ω) light.
  • To explore the application of adiabatic passage concepts in nonlinear optics.

Main Methods:

  • Theoretical proposal of a new THG scheme in engineered quasi-phase-matched chi((2)) optical structures.
  • Utilizing the concept of adiabatic passage.
  • Leveraging the existence of a nonlinear dark state.

Main Results:

  • Demonstration of a direct FF to 3ω conversion pathway, bypassing intermediate SHG.
  • The proposed scheme is analogous to stimulated Raman adiabatic passage (STIRAP) in atomic physics.
  • Potential for enhanced efficiency and novel control over THG.

Conclusions:

  • The proposed scheme offers a conceptually novel approach to THG.
  • This method provides a new avenue for nonlinear optical frequency conversion.
  • The connection to atomic physics techniques highlights interdisciplinary potential.