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Related Concept Videos

Binary Fission01:20

Binary Fission

Fission is the division of a single entity into two or more parts, which regenerate into separate entities that resemble the original. Organisms in the Archaea and Bacteria domains reproduce using binary fission, in which a parent cell splits into two parts that can each grow to the size of the original parent cell. This asexual method of reproduction produces cells that are all genetically identical.
Determining the Plane of Cell Division02:13

Determining the Plane of Cell Division

Positioning the cell division plane is a critical step during development and cell differentiation, particularly during mitosis when the plane is essential for determining the size of the two daughter cells. The cell division plane is perpendicular to the plane of chromosome segregation, but different types of organisms have different cell division mechanisms to suit their morphology and function. 
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In animal cells, the cleavage furrow forms along the plane of cell division starting...
The Phragmoplast01:59

The Phragmoplast

Cell division is essential for organismal growth and development. In animal cells, the central spindle and its associated proteins form the midbody, a structure that has an essential role in cytokinesis. In plants, the central spindle, along with the microtubules, actin, and other cell components, matures into the phragmoplast, which is necessary for cytokinesis. Unlike the stationary midbody, the phragmoplast expands centrifugally, eventually leading to the formation of the new cell wall.
The...
Binary Fission01:26

Binary Fission

Binary fission is the primary mode of asexual reproduction in prokaryotes, such as bacteria. It results in the production of two genetically identical daughter cells. This highly efficient process ensures the rapid propagation of bacterial populations under favorable conditions and involves coordinated cellular and molecular events.DNA Replication and SeparationThe process begins with the replication of the bacterial chromosome. The circular DNA molecule unwinds at a specific origin of...
Diversity of Protists II01:27

Diversity of Protists II

Alveolates are a group of organisms recognized by the presence of alveoli, which are cytoplasmic sacs located beneath the cell membrane. While their function remains uncertain, alveoli may help regulate water balance by controlling how much water enters and leaves the cell. In dinoflagellates, these structures may serve as armor plates. There are three major types of alveolates: ciliates, which move using cilia; dinoflagellates, which use flagella for movement; and apicomplexans, which are...
Diversity of Protists IV01:27

Diversity of Protists IV

Amoebozoa represent a diverse group of terrestrial and aquatic protists that utilize lobe-shaped pseudopodia for locomotion and feeding. This characteristic differentiates them from the Rhizaria, which possess threadlike pseudopodia. The primary classifications within Amoebozoa include gymnamoebas, entamoebas, and the plasmodial and cellular slime molds. Phylogenetic evidence indicates that Amoebozoa diverged from a lineage that ultimately gave rise to fungi and animals.Gymnamoebas and...

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Protocol for Production of a Genetic Cross of the Rodent Malaria Parasites
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Published on: January 4, 2011

Building the perfect parasite: cell division in apicomplexa.

Boris Striepen1, Carly N Jordan, Sarah Reiff

  • 1Center for Tropical and Emerging Global Diseases and the Department of Cellular Biology, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, United States of America. striepen@cb.uga.edu

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Apicomplexan parasites cause diseases like malaria and toxoplasmosis. Recent advances in genetic tools and microscopy reveal novel structures and mechanisms behind their invasion strategies and intracellular development.

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Area of Science:

  • Parasitology
  • Cell Biology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Apicomplexans are unicellular eukaryotes responsible for significant human and livestock diseases, including malaria, toxoplasmosis, and cryptosporidiosis.
  • These pathogens are intracellular invaders, evading host immunity while utilizing host cells for nutrients.
  • Historically studied by electron microscopy, apicomplexans are now advanced genetic models due to technological progress.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review novel structures and mechanisms involved in apicomplexan intracellular development.
  • To explore how apicomplexans build the zoite, their invasion machine.
  • To understand how these processes are adapted to specific pathogen niches within this diverse group.

Main Methods:

  • Leveraging genomic resources for various apicomplexan species.
  • Utilizing parasite transfection for reverse and forward genetic approaches.
  • Employing fluorescent reporters for dynamic, real-time microscopic observation.

Main Results:

  • Identification of novel structures and mechanisms in apicomplexan intracellular development.
  • Insights into the sophisticated process of zoite formation.
  • Understanding the fine-tuning of invasion strategies for different apicomplexan pathogens.

Conclusions:

  • Technological advancements have transformed apicomplexans into powerful genetic models.
  • New tools enable detailed investigation into apicomplexan cell biology and invasion.
  • This review highlights recent discoveries in apicomplexan parasite biology.