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Related Concept Videos

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment

In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
Drugs such as carbonic anhydrase inhibitors, α2- and...
Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment

Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems01:23

Ophthalmic Drug Delivery Systems

Ophthalmic drug delivery faces major limitations due to poor absorption across the corneal membrane. This process is primarily driven by diffusion and is influenced by two main factors: the physicochemical properties of the drug and tear drainage. Most ophthalmic drugs, such as pilocarpine, epinephrine, atropine, and local anesthetics, are weak bases. They are typically formulated at an acidic pH to enhance chemical stability. However, this leads to high ionization, reducing their ability to...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...
Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine02:50

Combination Therapies and Personalized Medicine

Combining two or more treatment methods increases the life span of cancer patients while reducing damage to vital organs or tissue from the overuse of a single treatment. Combination therapy also targets different cancer-inducing pathways, thus reducing the chances of developing resistance to treatment.
The combination of the drug acetazolamide and sulforaphane is a good example of combination therapy to treat cancer. The cells in the interior of a large tumor often die due to the hypoxic and...

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Related Experiment Videos

Fixed-combination and emerging glaucoma therapies.

David F Woodward1, June Chen

  • 1Allergan, Inc., 2525 DuPont Drive, Mail Code RD3-2B, Irvine, CA 92612, USA.

Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs
|July 3, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Fixed-combination glaucoma medications offer improved patient adherence by combining two drugs into one. Research continues into novel treatments like Rho-kinase inhibitors and other advanced glaucoma therapies.

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Ocular hypotensive agents are the primary pharmacotherapy for glaucoma management.
  • Many glaucoma patients require combination therapy for effective intraocular pressure control.
  • Fixed-combination products represent a significant advancement for patients unresponsive to monotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the current landscape of fixed-combination glaucoma medications.
  • To discuss the benefits of fixed-combination products in improving patient adherence.
  • To explore emerging research directions and novel antiglaucoma drug development.

Main Methods:

  • Review of available fixed-combination ocular hypotensive agents.
  • Analysis of the composition and efficacy of current combination products.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Survey of ongoing research into next-generation glaucoma pharmacotherapies.

    • Main Results:

    • Several fixed-combination products are available, combining timolol with agents like brimonidine, dorzolamide, travoprost, latanoprost, or bimatoprost.
    • These combinations offer dual drug efficacy and improved convenience, potentially enhancing treatment adherence.
    • Promising new therapeutic avenues include Rho-kinase inhibitors, microtubule-disrupting agents, serotonergics, and cannabimimetics.

    Conclusions:

    • Fixed-combination products provide a valuable option for glaucoma patients needing intensified treatment.
    • Continued research is crucial for developing more effective and diverse antiglaucoma medications.
    • Future efforts focus on improving existing drug classes and exploring novel mechanisms of action.