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Related Concept Videos

Self-Report Tests of Personality01:22

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Self-report inventories are objective personality assessments that use multiple-choice items or numbered scales, typically ranging from 1 (strongly disagree) to 5 (strongly agree). They are often called Likert scales after Rensis Likert. These inventories are widely used due to their ease of administration and cost-effectiveness. One of the most prominent examples is the Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory (MMPI), initially developed in the 1940s to assess abnormal personality traits.
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David Wechsler, a psychologist who worked with World War I veterans, developed a significant IQ test in 1939 called the Wechsler-Bellevue Intelligence Scale. This test was innovative because it combined several subtests that measured both verbal and nonverbal skills, reflecting Wechsler's belief that intelligence is a global capacity involving purposeful action, rational thinking, and effective interaction with the environment. This test later evolved into the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale...

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Practical Methodology of Cognitive Tasks Within a Navigational Assessment
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Published on: June 1, 2015

Initial psychometric evaluation of the Wayfinding Effectiveness Scale.

Donna Algase1, Gwi-Ryung Son, Cynthia Beel-Bates

  • 1University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA. dalgase@umich.edu

Western Journal of Nursing Research
|July 4, 2007
PubMed
Summary

The Wayfinding Effectiveness Scale (WES) reliably measures how well community-residing elders with dementia navigate their environment. This validated tool helps differentiate wayfinding and wandering behaviors in individuals with dementia.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Neuroscience
  • Psychometrics

Background:

  • Wayfinding difficulties and wandering are significant challenges for community-residing elders with dementia (EWD).
  • Existing measures may not adequately differentiate specific wayfinding behaviors.
  • The Wayfinding Effectiveness Scale (WES) was developed to address this gap.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the psychometric properties of three versions of the Wayfinding Effectiveness Scale (WES).
  • To determine the reliability and validity of the WES in assessing wayfinding effectiveness in EWD.
  • To confirm the scale's ability to differentiate wayfinding and wandering behaviors.

Main Methods:

  • Factor analysis was used to identify underlying dimensions of wayfinding.
  • Internal consistency and test-retest reliability were assessed.
  • Construct validity was examined through correlational analyses and ANOVAs comparing different WES versions and participant groups.

Main Results:

  • Factor analysis revealed a five-factor solution explaining 62.6% of the variance: complex wayfinding goals, analytic strategies, global strategies, simple wayfinding goals, and being stimulus bound.
  • The WES demonstrated high internal consistencies (.94-.95) and stable subscales across versions.
  • Acceptable test-retest reliability was found for the overall WES and key subscales in the care recipient current behavior version. Construct validity was supported by significant differences across versions.

Conclusions:

  • The Wayfinding Effectiveness Scale (WES) is a valid and reliable instrument for measuring wayfinding effectiveness in persons with dementia.
  • The WES can effectively differentiate wayfinding and wandering behaviors in community-residing elders with dementia.
  • The findings support the use of the WES in clinical and research settings for EWD.