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Related Concept Videos

Antiprotozoal Agents01:21

Antiprotozoal Agents

Leishmaniasis is a widespread parasitic disease caused by several Leishmania species. It affects millions of people each year and remains a major public health problem in endemic regions. First-line treatment relies on pentavalent antimonials, including meglumine antimoniate and sodium stibogluconate. Even so, how these drugs work has not been fully clear, especially their interaction with parasite-specific biochemical pathways. One key target is trypanothione reductase (TR), an enzyme that...
Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase01:11

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...
Treatment Resistent Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Treatment Resistant Cancers02:56

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...
Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV01:26

Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV

Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Targeted Cancer Therapies02:57

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against specific...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Pre-clinical Evaluation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Acute Leukemia
10:49

Pre-clinical Evaluation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Acute Leukemia

Published on: September 18, 2013

Troxacitabine in leukemia.

Ronan Swords1, Effrosyni Apostolidou, Francis Giles

  • 1Department of Haematology, University College Hospital Galway (UCHG), Ireland.

Hematology (Amsterdam, Netherlands)
|July 4, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Troxacitabine is a novel synthetic nucleoside with potent anticancer activity against various cancers, including those resistant to traditional chemotherapy. Its unique structure shows promise in clinical trials for both solid and blood-related malignancies.

Area of Science:

  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Oncology
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • Troxacitabine ((-)-2 -deoxy-3 -oxacytadine) is a synthetic l-nucleoside enantiomer.
  • It was developed by modifying lamivudine, an antiviral agent with known cytotoxic effects.

Purpose:

  • To review the pharmacology, mechanism of action, pharmacokinetics, toxicities, and clinical efficacy of troxacitabine.
  • To highlight its potential as a broad-spectrum anticancer agent.

Summary:

  • Troxacitabine exhibits significant cytotoxic potency against a wide range of malignancies.
  • It has demonstrated efficacy in clinical trials for both solid tumors and hematological malignancies.
  • Notably, it shows effectiveness against cancers resistant to cytarabine (ara-C).

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 14, 2026

Pre-clinical Evaluation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Acute Leukemia
10:49

Pre-clinical Evaluation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Acute Leukemia

Published on: September 18, 2013

Impact:

  • Troxacitabine represents a promising new therapeutic agent in oncology.
  • Its unique stereochemistry and broad-spectrum activity warrant further clinical investigation.
  • It offers a potential new treatment option for patients with difficult-to-treat cancers.