Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 13, 2026
10:28
A Cell Culture Model for Producing High Titer Hepatitis E Virus Stocks
Published on: June 26, 2020
TB-HIV co-infection in Eritrea
M J van der Werf1, M Sebhatu, T Weldegergis
1KNCV Tuberculosis Foundation, P O Box 146, 2501 CC The Hague, The Netherlands. vanderwerfm@kncvtbc.nl
Summary
Tuberculosis (TB) and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) co-infection affects over 11% of TB patients in Eritrea. Key risk factors for HIV infection include urban living and higher education levels, suggesting a need for integrated testing.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Infectious Diseases
- Epidemiology
Background:
- Tuberculosis (TB) remains a significant public health challenge globally.
- The co-occurrence of TB and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) complicates treatment and outcomes.
- Understanding co-infection prevalence and risk factors is crucial for effective control strategies in Eritrea.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine the prevalence of HIV infection among smear-positive TB patients in Eritrea.
- To identify demographic and social risk factors associated with HIV infection in this population.
Main Methods:
- A cohort of 365 notified smear-positive TB patients was identified.
- Blood samples were collected and tested for HIV from 220 traceable patients (60.3% of the total).
- Statistical analysis was performed to identify risk factors for HIV co-infection.
Main Results:
- The prevalence of HIV infection among tested TB patients was 11.8% (95% CI 7.6-16.1).
- Identified risk factors for HIV infection included older age, urban residence, and higher schooling levels.
- A significant proportion of smear-positive TB patients were co-infected with HIV.
Conclusions:
- The findings highlight a substantial burden of TB-HIV co-infection in Eritrea.
- Targeted interventions and integrated screening programs are warranted, particularly in urban settings.
- Routine HIV testing for all TB patients in Eritrea should be considered to improve case finding and patient management.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:26Sexually Transmitted Infections
Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are diseases transmitted primarily through unsafe sexual interactions. Bacteria, viruses, or parasites cause them and can result in severe health complications if untreated.ChlamydiaThe bacterium Chlamydia trachomatis is responsible for the disease Chlamydia, the most common STI in the United States. This peculiar pathogen requires human cells to reproduce, residing intracellularly. The initial infection often goes unnoticed because it typically does not...
01:29Pulmonary Tuberculosis I
Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
Causative Organism
The primary infectious agent causing tuberculosis is Mycobacterium tuberculosis, a slow-growing, acid-fast, aerobic rod that exhibits sensitivity to heat and ultraviolet light. Instances of Mycobacterium bovis and Mycobacterium avium contributing to the development of TB infection are rare.
Mode of...
01:26Pulmonary Tuberculosis IV
Tuberculosis, more commonly referred to as TB, is an infectious disease stemming from Mycobacterium tuberculosis. While it primarily impacts the lungs, TB can also affect other body areas. Given its severity and global impact, timely and accurate diagnosis is crucial for controlling its spread and improving patient outcomes.
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
Several diagnostic approaches are used to detect TB. The conventional method is the Tuberculin Skin Test (TST), also known as the Mantoux test. However, this method has...
01:28Pulmonary Tuberculosis V
Medical management of tuberculosis (TB) patients involves a comprehensive approach that includes diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring. The specific strategies can vary depending on the type of tuberculosis (latent or active), the patient's overall health status, and other considerations.
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
Latent tuberculosis infection occurs when TB bacteria are present in a person's body, but are not causing illness or symptoms. It is not contagious, and preventive treatment is crucial to avoid the progression...
01:28Amebiasis
Entamoeba histolytica, a protozoan parasite, is responsible for intestinal and extraintestinal amebiasis. Though a significant proportion of infections remain asymptomatic, approximately 50 million individuals annually are estimated to present with clinical disease, resulting in up to 100,000 deaths globally. The disease burden is disproportionately high in regions with lower socioeconomic status, such as parts of India, Africa, Mexico, and Latin America.Etiology and TransmissionThe infective...
01:31Pulmonary Tuberculosis III
Tuberculosis (TB) is a contagious infection primarily affecting the lung parenchyma but which can also affect other body parts. TB can be classified based on disease development, presentation, and the affected anatomical site.
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories:
The first classification is based on the development of the disease, and it includes the following categories: