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Production of Pharmaceuticals

Production of Pharmaceuticals

Industrial insulin production uses genetically engineered E. coli expressing a proinsulin gene controlled by a tryptophan promoter and containing a methionine linker for later cleavage. The cells also carry ampicillin resistance for selective growth. Seed cultures are stored at −80 °C and production begins by thawing a small amount to inoculate starter cultures, which are progressively scaled to a 50,000-L bioreactor. In the bioreactor, E. coli grow in nutrient-rich media under sterile, tightly...

Production of Biopesticides

Production of Biopesticides

Biopesticides offer a sustainable alternative to chemical pesticides, utilizing microbial agents to control agricultural pests. Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) is a widely employed bacterium known for its potent insecticidal activity. Bt biopesticides are favored for their specificity to insect pests, minimal environmental impact, and natural degradability.Mechanism of Bt Toxin Action Bt produces insecticidal crystal (Cry) proteins during its sporulation phase. These proteins form parasporal...

Fates of Pyruvate

Fates of Pyruvate

Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis, where glucose is oxidized to pyruvate, simultaneously reducing NAD+ to NADH. Two molecules of ATP are also produced by substrate-level phosphorylation.
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Biofuels

Biofuels

The microbial conversion of organic matter into biofuels holds potential as a renewable energy source. Among biofuel sources, microalgae are recognized as a highly efficient and adaptable feedstock for biodiesel production, owing to their rapid biomass accumulation, elevated lipid productivity, and capacity to proliferate in diverse aquatic systems, including freshwater, marine, and wastewater habitats. Unlike terrestrial crops, microalgae do not compete for land and can achieve significantly...

Bioplastics

Bioplastics

Bioplastics derived from microbial processes present a sustainable alternative to conventional petroleum-based plastics. Among these, polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs), particularly polyhydroxybutyrates (PHBs), have emerged as prominent candidates due to their biodegradability and biocompatibility. These polymers are synthesized by a variety of bacteria, such as Cupriavidus necator and Pseudomonas putida, which naturally accumulate PHAs as intracellular carbon and energy reserves, especially under...

Bioreactor Controls-III

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Strain improvement is a foundational strategy in industrial microbiology aimed at maximizing microbial productivity, particularly because natural isolates typically yield commercially valuable products in very low concentrations. Although optimizing the culture medium and environmental conditions can improve yields, these adjustments are inherently limited by the organism’s genetic potential. As a result, the focus shifts toward genetic modifications to enhance biosynthetic capacity. The...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Transcript and Metabolite Profiling for the Evaluation of Tobacco Tree and Poplar as Feedstock for the Bio-based Industry

Transcript and Metabolite Profiling for the Evaluation of Tobacco Tree and Poplar as Feedstock for the Bio-based Industry

Published on: May 16, 2014

Prospects for a bio-based succinate industry.

James B McKinlay¹, C Vieille, J Gregory Zeikus

¹Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, 48824, USA.

Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology

|July 5, 2007

Summary

Developing bio-based succinate offers economic and environmental advantages over petrochemicals. Research focuses on optimizing bacterial production for cost-competitiveness and industrial viability.

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Area of Science:

Biotechnology
Industrial Microbiology
Sustainable Chemistry

Background:

Bio-based succinate is a promising alternative feedstock for the bulk chemical market, offering environmental and economic benefits.
Current challenges include achieving cost-competitiveness with petrochemical-based succinate.
Efficient production requires high succinate concentrations, high rates, and minimal by-products.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the prospects of the bio-based succinate industry.
To highlight promising succinate-producing bacteria for industrial applications.
To discuss the metabolic pathways, advantages, and disadvantages of different bacterial systems.

Main Methods:

Literature review of current research on bio-based succinate production.
Analysis of metabolic pathways in key bacterial species.
Comparative assessment of bacterial systems for industrial potential.

Main Results:

Several bacterial species show promise for industrial succinate production.
Understanding metabolic pathways is crucial for optimizing succinate yields.
Each bacterial system presents unique advantages and disadvantages.

Conclusions:

Further development of bacterial strains and processes is needed for cost-effective bio-based succinate production.
Optimized microbial production is key to realizing the potential of bio-based succinate.
Bio-based succinate can significantly contribute to a sustainable chemical industry.