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Related Concept Videos

Vision01:24

Vision

Vision is the result of light being detected and transduced into neural signals by the retina of the eye. This information is then further analyzed and interpreted by the brain. First, light enters the front of the eye and is focused by the cornea and lens onto the retina—a thin sheet of neural tissue lining the back of the eye. Because of refraction through the convex lens of the eye, images are projected onto the retina upside-down and reversed.
Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (TMS).
Association Areas of the Cortex01:21

Association Areas of the Cortex

Association areas are regions of the cerebral cortex that do not have a specific sensory or motor function. Instead, they integrate and interpret information from various sources to enable higher cognitive processes such as memory, learning, and decision-making. Some key association areas include the following:
Prefrontal Association Area: This area is located in the frontal lobe and is involved in planning, decision-making, and moderating social behavior. It connects with primary motor areas,...
Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...
Parallel Processing01:20

Parallel Processing

The brain processes sensory information rapidly due to parallel processing, which involves sending data across multiple neural pathways at the same time. This method allows the brain to manage various sensory qualities, such as shapes, colors, movements, and locations, all concurrently. For instance, when observing a forest landscape, the brain simultaneously processes the movement of leaves, the shapes of trees, the depth between them, and the various shades of green. This enables a quick and...
Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:27

Imaging Studies IV: Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Introduction:Magnetic Resonance Imaging, or MRI, can include a specialized imaging technique of the urinary system known as Magnetic Resonance Urography (MRU). This radiation-free technique uses strong magnetic fields and radio waves to produce detailed images with the help of a computer. MRU is particularly effective for visualizing fluid-filled structures like the kidneys, ureters, and bladder.Applications of MRI in the Genitourinary SystemKidneys and Ureters: MRI detects tumors, cysts,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of the Visual Cortex with Wide-View Retinotopic Stimulation
07:11

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of the Visual Cortex with Wide-View Retinotopic Stimulation

Published on: December 8, 2023

fMRI reveals how pain modulates visual object processing in the ventral visual stream.

Ulrike Bingel1, Michael Rose, Jan Gläscher

  • 1NeuroImage Nord, Department of Neurology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Germany. bingel@uke.uni-hamburg.de

Neuron
|July 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Pain and working memory both capture attention and affect visual processing in the lateral occipital complex (LOC). However, pain

More Related Videos

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of the Visual Cortex with Wide-View Retinotopic Stimulation
07:11

Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) of the Visual Cortex with Wide-View Retinotopic Stimulation

Published on: December 8, 2023

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings
07:08

Investigating Object Representations in the Macaque Dorsal Visual Stream Using Single-unit Recordings

Published on: August 1, 2018

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Cognitive Neuroscience
  • Pain Perception

Background:

  • Pain is known to capture attention and impair cognitive functions.
  • The precise neural mechanisms underlying pain's attentional effects remain largely unelucidated.
  • Understanding these mechanisms is crucial for addressing pain-related cognitive deficits.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the neural mechanisms by which pain modulates visual object processing.
  • To compare the effects of pain and working memory on visual attention and identify common and distinct neural substrates.
  • To determine the specific brain regions responsible for pain-induced attentional modulation.

Main Methods:

  • Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was employed to monitor brain activity.
  • Participants viewed visual objects under conditions with and without concurrent pain stimuli.
  • The modulatory effects of pain were compared with those of working memory on visual processing.

Main Results:

  • Both pain and working memory exhibited comparable behavioral effects on visual object processing.
  • The lateral occipital complex (LOC) was identified as a common site of modulation in the ventral visual stream for both conditions.
  • Distinct neural sources were identified: parietal cortex for working memory and rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) for pain.

Conclusions:

  • Pain and working memory similarly modulate visual processing in the LOC.
  • The rostral anterior cingulate cortex (rACC) plays a key role in mediating the attentional effects of pain.
  • These findings highlight the rACC's role in integrating pain perception with attentional control mechanisms.