Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Three-Dimensional Reconstruction of Orbital Fractures
Published on: May 16, 2025
3D assessment of morbidity associated with lower eyelid incisions in orbital trauma
1Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Glasgow Dental Hospital & School, 378 Sauchiehall Street, Glasgow G2 3JZ, UK.
Abstract:
This study compared the morbidity associated with transconjunctival and transcutaneous approaches for orbital floor exploration with respect to the position of the lower eyelid following surgery. Two groups of 32 volunteers and 32 patients (12 transconjunctival and 20 transcutaneous) were recruited and three-dimensional (3D) imaging was carried out at 6 months following surgery. In the transcutaneous group, there were significant variations in the shape of the lower eyelid, with more medial displacement of the exocanthion. No significant differences were detected in the transconjunctival group compared to controls. The use of a 3D imaging system provided an objective method of assessing this aspect of morbidity associated with the use of lower eyelid incisions.
