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Related Concept Videos

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management01:26

Esophageal Strictures-II: Clinical Features and Management

Patients with esophageal strictures often experience a range of symptoms. Initially, they may have difficulty swallowing solid foods, which can progress to include liquids. Additional symptoms may involve chest pain or discomfort, regurgitating food and fluids, heartburn, unintentional weight loss, coughing or choking during meals, and hoarseness.
Healthcare providers should gather a comprehensive medical history and conduct a physical examination for diagnosis. If esophageal stricture is...
Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management01:21

Barrett Esophagus-II: Clinical Manifestations and Management

Individuals with Barrett's esophagus are often asymptomatic, but they may experience symptoms commonly associated with GERD, such as heartburn and acid regurgitation. Additional symptoms can include difficulty swallowing, chest pain, unintentional weight loss, blood in the stool (which may appear black, tarry, or bloody), and episodes of vomiting.
To diagnose Barrett's esophagus, healthcare providers often recommend an endoscopy for those showing symptoms of acid reflux. The procedure entails...
Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction01:30

Esophageal Strictures-I: Introduction

Esophageal strictures involve abnormal narrowing or tightening of the esophagus. They vary in length and severity, ranging from mild constriction to complete obstruction, and are classified as benign (noncancerous) or malignant (cancerous).
Etiology
The primary cause of esophageal strictures is long-standing gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD), accounting for about 70 to 80% of adult cases. Chronic acid reflux can lead to injury and scarring of the esophageal lining, culminating in...
Esophageal Achalasia01:27

Esophageal Achalasia

Esophageal achalasia is a chronic neurogenic disorder characterized by impaired relaxation of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) and absent or ineffective peristalsis in the distal esophagus. This leads to a functional obstruction without a physical blockage, despite significant disruption of esophageal motility.EtiologyAchalasia is caused by degeneration of the myenteric (Auerbach's) plexus, specifically the loss of inhibitory ganglion cells that produce vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP)...
Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy01:29

Endoscopic Procedures I: Esophagogastroduodenoscopy

An Esophagogastroduodenoscopy (EGD) is a diagnostic procedure in which an endoscopist uses a flexible, lighted endoscope to visualize the upper gastrointestinal (GI) tract. The procedure includes visualizing the oropharynx, esophagus, stomach, and the first part of the small intestine, the duodenum.
During an EGD, the endoscope can be used to:
Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway interventions are...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia
11:19

Robotic Myotomy and Partial Fundoplication for Achalasia

Published on: August 11, 2023

[Reconstructive methods for hypopharynx and cervical esophagus].

Shu-hui Wang1, Xin-ming Yang, Yi-ci Zeng

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology, Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China.

Zhong Nan Da Xue Xue Bao. Yi Xue Ban = Journal of Central South University. Medical Sciences
|July 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Reconstruction of the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus after cancer surgery using free jejunal graft, gastric pull-up, or laryngotracheal flap is safe and effective. Myocutaneous flap reconstruction has a high rate of complications like fistula and stenosis.

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Technical Considerations and Approach to Redo Foregut Surgery
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Technical Considerations and Approach to Redo Foregut Surgery

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Area of Science:

  • Surgical oncology
  • Gastrointestinal surgery
  • Head and neck cancer reconstruction

Context:

  • Hypopharyngo-oesophagectomy for hypopharyngeal and cervical esophageal cancer requires complex reconstruction.
  • Various reconstructive techniques exist, each with potential benefits and drawbacks.

Purpose:

  • To review surgical reconstruction methods for the hypopharynx and cervical esophagus post-hypopharyngo-oesophagectomy.
  • To evaluate the efficacy and complication rates of different reconstructive approaches.

Summary:

  • Twenty-five patients underwent reconstruction using free jejunal transplantation, gastric pull-up, laryngotracheal flap, or myocutaneous flap.
  • Free jejunal graft, gastric pull-up, and laryngotracheal flap showed good outcomes with early oral feeding and no serious complications.
  • Myocutaneous flap reconstruction resulted in a high incidence of pharyngocutaneous fistula and stenosis.

Impact:

  • Free jejunal graft, gastric pull-up, and laryngotracheal flap are safe and reliable for restoring digestive tract continuity.
  • Myocutaneous flap reconstruction is associated with significant morbidity, including fistula and stenosis.
  • Findings guide the selection of optimal reconstructive techniques in head and neck cancer surgery.