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Related Concept Videos

Knee Joint01:23

Knee Joint

The knee joint is the most complicated joint in the body. It consists of three articulations– two tibiofemoral and one patellofemoral. As is characteristic of synovial joints, the knee joint has a thin articular capsule that partially surrounds this joint cavity. Additionally, several ligaments, muscles, and cartilaginous structures support the movement of the knee.
A total of seven ligaments support the knee joint. The patellar ligament, which is also attached to the quadriceps femoris group...
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary or...
Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers01:16

Muscles of the Forearm that Move the Hand and Fingers

The muscles of the forearm that move the wrist, hand, and digits are numerous and diverse. They can be classified into two groups based on their location and function — the anterior and posterior compartment muscles.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment muscles originate from the humerus. They primarily function as flexors and are also known as flexor muscles. They typically insert on the carpals, metacarpals, and phalanges. The superficial layer includes the flexor carpi radialis,...
Peritoneum01:21

Peritoneum

The peritoneum is a vital membrane that lines the abdominal cavity and covers most of the organs within it. It plays a crucial role in protecting the organs, providing a smooth surface for their movement, and facilitating various physiological processes. Understanding the anatomy and function of the peritoneum is essential for comprehending the complexities of the abdominal region.
Anatomy of the Peritoneum
The peritoneum is divided into two layers: the parietal peritoneum and the visceral...
Joints01:26

Joints

Joints, also called articulations or articular surfaces, are points at which ligaments or other tissues connect adjacent bones. Joints permit movement and stability, and can be classified based on their structure or function.
Structural joint classifications are based on the material that makes up the joint as well as whether or not the joint contains a space between the bones. Joints are structurally classified as fibrous, cartilaginous, or synovial.
Fibrous Joints Are Immovable
The bones of a...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Friction Testing-Bioreactor Device for Study of Synovial Joint Biomechanics, Mechanobiology, and Physical Regulation
09:48

A Friction Testing-Bioreactor Device for Study of Synovial Joint Biomechanics, Mechanobiology, and Physical Regulation

Published on: June 2, 2022

Medial synovial plica.

Agnieszka Blok1, Waldemar Weiss, Tomasz Dolata

  • 1Oddział Ortopedii i Traumatologii, SPZOZ Wojewódzki Szpital im. dr J. Biziela, Bydgoszcz.

Ortopedia, Traumatologia, Rehabilitacja
|July 6, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Synovial plica syndrome, a knee condition often affecting young women, occurs when the medial plica becomes irritated. This study found hypertrophic plica in over 21% of knee arthroscopies.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Knee Arthroscopy
  • Sports Medicine

Background:

  • The synovial plica is a remnant of fetal tissue pouches in the knee.
  • Symptomatic plica syndrome arises from irritation of the medial plica due to injury, inflammation, or overuse.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine the frequency, pathophysiology, and clinical outcomes of synovial plica of the knee.
  • To investigate the prevalence of plica syndrome in knee arthroscopy patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 912 knee arthroscopy operative reports.
  • Data collected from the Orthopedic and Traumatology Department of Biziel Hospital (2002-2003).

Main Results:

  • Hypertrophic mediopatellar plica identified in 199 cases (21.8%).

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Friction Testing-Bioreactor Device for Study of Synovial Joint Biomechanics, Mechanobiology, and Physical Regulation
09:48

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Published on: June 2, 2022

A Pre-Clinical Model of Synovitis Using Ex vivo Human Synovial Tissue with Preserved Function and Architecture
08:32

A Pre-Clinical Model of Synovitis Using Ex vivo Human Synovial Tissue with Preserved Function and Architecture

Published on: March 20, 2026

  • Associated chondromalacia of the patella and medial femoral condyle noted in 118 knees (12.9%) alongside plica.
  • Plica syndrome frequently observed in conjunction with other knee pathologies.

    • Conclusions:

    • Plica syndrome represents a significant clinical issue, particularly in young individuals and women.
    • The findings highlight the importance of considering plica syndrome in the differential diagnosis of knee pain.