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Related Concept Videos

Sampling Methods: Sample Types01:18

Sampling Methods: Sample Types

Sampling materials are classified into three main types: solid, liquid, and gas.
Solid samples include a variety of substances, such as sediments from water bodies, soil, metals, and biological tissues. Two standard methods for extracting sediments from water bodies are grab sampling and piston coring. Grab sampling involves using a device to collect a discrete sediment sample from the bottom of a water body with minimal disturbance. Grab samples do not always represent the entire area due to...
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When the quality of water for concrete preparation is uncertain, its impact on the setting time of cement and compressive strength of mortar is assessed by comparison with de-ionized or distilled water benchmarks. American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) C1602 requires the setting times to be within 90 minutes of the control, British Standard (BS) 3146:1980 allows a 30-minute variance in the initial setting, while British Standards European Norm (BS EN) 1008 specifies initial setting...
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Sampling Plans

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Quality of Water01:19

Quality of Water

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Characterization and Application of Passive Samplers for Monitoring of Pesticides in Water
10:34

Characterization and Application of Passive Samplers for Monitoring of Pesticides in Water

Published on: August 3, 2016

Time-weighted average water sampling in Lake Ontario with solid-phase microextraction passive samplers.

Gangfeng Ouyang1, Wennan Zhao, Leslie Bragg

  • 1School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, Chin.

Environmental Science & Technology
|July 7, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Three solid-phase microextraction (SPME) passive samplers were evaluated for monitoring polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in water. The polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-membrane sampler demonstrated superior sensitivity and lowest detection levels for long-term environmental analysis.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Chemistry
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are persistent organic pollutants requiring effective monitoring methods.
  • Long-term monitoring of PAHs in aquatic environments is crucial for assessing ecological and human health risks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate three types of solid-phase microextraction (SPME) passive samplers for determining time-weighted average (TWA) concentrations of PAHs.
  • To assess the suitability of SPME passive samplers for long-term monitoring of organic pollutants in Hamilton Harbor, Lake Ontario.

Main Methods:

  • Evaluation of three SPME passive samplers: fiber-retracted device, polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)-rod, and PDMS-membrane.
  • Field trials were conducted in Hamilton Harbor to determine TWA concentrations of PAHs.
  • Analysis of PAHs using gas chromatography (GC) after direct injection from samplers.

Main Results:

  • SPME passive samplers are suitable for long-term monitoring of organic pollutants in water.
  • The PDMS-membrane sampler exhibited the highest surface-to-volume ratio, leading to the highest sensitivity and mass uptake.
  • The PDMS-membrane sampler achieved the lowest detection levels among the tested samplers.

Conclusions:

  • SPME passive samplers offer a solvent-free, integrated sampling and analysis method for environmental monitoring.
  • The PDMS-membrane sampler is the most effective among the evaluated types for sensitive and low-level detection of PAHs.
  • SPME passive samplers provide a cost-effective and efficient solution for long-term environmental monitoring of organic pollutants.