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Related Concept Videos

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The Spindle Assembly Checkpoint

The spindle assembly checkpoint is a molecular surveillance mechanism ensuring the fidelity of chromosome segregation during anaphase. The checkpoint monitors the completion of all the prerequisite steps before chromosome segregation to determine whether the segregation process should proceed or be delayed.
Many proteins function together to control the spindle assembly checkpoint. Mutations affecting these proteins may allow cells to proceed into anaphase prematurely, resulting in the...

The Mitotic Spindle

The Mitotic Spindle

The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures bipolar mitotic...

The Mitotic Spindle

The Mitotic Spindle

The mitotic spindle—or spindle apparatus—is a eukaryotic, cytoskeletal structure made up of long protein fibers called microtubules. Formed during cell division, the spindle separates sister chromatids and moves them to opposite ends of a parental cell, where the now individual chromosomes are distributed to two daughter cell nuclei.
The bipolar configuration of the mitotic spindle facilitates chromosomal segregation, preparing the cell for division. One mechanism that ensures bipolar mitotic...

Spindle Assembly

Spindle Assembly

Spindle assembly occurs through three, often coexisting, pathways – the centrosome-mediated pathway, the chromatin-mediated pathway, and the microtubule-mediated pathway – collectively contributing to form a robust spindle apparatus.
In most cells, centrosomes are the primary microtubule nucleation centers. In the centrosome-mediated pathway, the G2-prophase transition triggers centrosome maturation and increased microtubule nucleation. Progressive nucleation results in a microtubule array...

Forces Acting on Chromosomes

Forces Acting on Chromosomes

During mitosis, chromosome movements occur through the interplay of multiple piconewton level forces. In prometaphase, these forces help in chromosome assembly or congression at the equatorial plane, eventually leading to their alignment at the metaphase plate. The forces acting on the chromosomes are space and time-dependent; therefore, they vary with the position of the chromosomes as the cell progresses through mitosis.
Microtubules and motor proteins exert two types of forces on...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets

Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets

Published on: August 13, 2016

A novel pathway that coordinates mitotic exit with spindle position.

Scott A Nelson¹, John A Cooper

¹Department of Cell Biology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA.

Molecular Biology of the Cell

|July 7, 2007

Summary

The spindle position checkpoint (SPC) delays cell division until the cell's internal structure, the mitotic spindle, is correctly positioned. Novel upstream components regulating Lte1 ensure proper spindle placement for cell cycle progression.

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Directly Measuring Forces Within Reconstituted Active Microtubule Bundles

Directly Measuring Forces Within Reconstituted Active Microtubule Bundles

Published on: May 10, 2022

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets

Reconstitution of Basic Mitotic Spindles in Spherical Emulsion Droplets

Published on: August 13, 2016

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations

Live Cell Imaging to Assess the Dynamics of Metaphase Timing and Cell Fate Following Mitotic Spindle Perturbations

Published on: September 20, 2019

Directly Measuring Forces Within Reconstituted Active Microtubule Bundles

Directly Measuring Forces Within Reconstituted Active Microtubule Bundles

Published on: May 10, 2022

Area of Science:

Cell Biology
Molecular Biology
Genetics

Background:

The spindle position checkpoint (SPC) in budding yeast ensures proper cell division by delaying mitotic exit.
The SPC inhibits the mitotic exit network (MEN), which is controlled by the GTPase Tem1.
The guanine exchange factor Lte1 regulates Tem1, but its function and regulation are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify novel components of the spindle position checkpoint that function upstream of Lte1.
To elucidate the molecular mechanism linking microtubule-cortex interactions to Lte1 and mitotic exit.

Main Methods:

Genetic analysis in budding yeast.
Biochemical evidence integration.
Investigating pathways controlling microtubule-cortex interactions.

Main Results:

Identification of novel components acting upstream of Lte1 in the spindle position checkpoint.
Genetic evidence supports a pathway connecting microtubule-cortex interactions to Lte1.
Demonstration that each identified component is essential for the SPC's function.

Conclusions:

Novel factors upstream of Lte1 are crucial for the spindle position checkpoint.
A pathway involving microtubule-cortex interactions regulates Lte1 and mitotic exit.
These findings clarify the molecular basis of spindle positioning during cell division.