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Transplantation tolerance.

Kenneth A Newell1, Christian P Larsen

  • 1Emory Transplant Center and the Department of Surgery, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. kenneth.newell@emoryhealthcare.org

Seminars in Nephrology
|July 10, 2007
PubMed
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Inducing transplantation tolerance in humans remains challenging despite decades of research. New insights into tolerance mechanisms may enable clinical trials for successful organ transplantation strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Transplantation Science

Background:

  • Transplantation tolerance has been studied in experimental models for over 50 years.
  • Clinical reports of tolerance in organ transplantation are sporadic.
  • Reproducibly inducing tolerance in human organ transplantation remains elusive.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the historical context and current challenges in achieving transplantation tolerance.
  • To highlight recent advances in understanding tolerance mechanisms.
  • To propose a path towards clinical trials for tolerance induction.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of experimental and clinical transplantation tolerance.
  • Analysis of mechanisms for tolerance induction and maintenance.
  • Identification of factors opposing tolerance.

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Main Results:

  • Despite extensive research, clinical induction of transplantation tolerance is not yet reproducible.
  • Advances in understanding tolerance mechanisms are accumulating.
  • Factors opposing tolerance are being identified.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the intricate mechanisms of tolerance is crucial.
  • Recent scientific progress offers hope for designing effective clinical trials.
  • Future strategies may enable successful tolerance induction in human organ transplantation.