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Cystic fibrosis presenting with periorificial dermatitis

C P Schmidt1, W Tunnessen

  • 1Department of Dermatology, Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland.

Insights

A baby boy’s worsening skin rash and failure to thrive were linked to cystic fibrosis. Prompt nutritional therapy improved his condition, suggesting malabsorption due to pancreatic dysfunction.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dermatology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Periorificial dermatitis can present in infants, sometimes associated with underlying metabolic or genetic conditions.
  • Failure to thrive (FTT) in infants necessitates a thorough investigation into potential causes, including nutritional deficiencies and malabsorption.
  • Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a genetic disorder that can manifest with gastrointestinal complications, including pancreatic exocrine dysfunction.

Observation:

  • A 2-week-old infant presented with progressively worsening periorificial dermatitis and FTT.
  • Laboratory findings revealed decreased serum zinc, proteins, and amino acids, alongside increased fecal fat.
  • Markedly elevated sweat chloride levels were detected in the infant.

Findings:

  • The infant's dermatitis showed a prompt positive response to nutritional therapy.
  • The clinical presentation and laboratory results were consistent with malabsorption secondary to pancreatic exocrine dysfunction.
  • Elevated sweat chloride levels are a hallmark diagnostic indicator for cystic fibrosis.

Implications:

  • Periorificial dermatitis in infants, particularly when accompanied by FTT and malabsorption, should prompt consideration of cystic fibrosis.
  • Early diagnosis and management of cystic fibrosis-related complications, such as pancreatic exocrine dysfunction, are crucial for improving infant outcomes.
  • Nutritional therapy plays a vital role in managing malabsorption syndromes in infants, including those associated with cystic fibrosis.

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