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Related Concept Videos

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling01:04

¹³C NMR: ¹H–¹³C Decoupling

The probability of having two carbon-13 atoms next to each other is negligible because of the low natural abundance of carbon-13. Consequently, peak splitting due to carbon-carbon spin-spin coupling is not observed in spectra. However, protons up to three sigma bonds away split the carbon signal according to the n+1 rule, resulting in complicated spectra.
A broadband decoupling technique is used to simplify these complex, sometimes overlapping, signals. Broadband decoupling relies on a...
¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)01:20

¹³C NMR: Distortionless Enhancement by Polarization Transfer (DEPT)

When proton-coupled carbon-13 spectra are simplified by a broadband proton decoupling technique, structural information about the coupled protons is lost. Distortionless enhancement by polarization transfer (DEPT) is a technique that provides information on the number of hydrogens attached to each carbon in a molecule. While the DEPT experiment utilizes complex pulse sequences, the pulse delay and flip angle are specifically manipulated. The resulting signals have different phases depending on...
Double Resonance Techniques: Overview01:12

Double Resonance Techniques: Overview

Double resonance techniques in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy involve the simultaneous application of two different frequencies or radiofrequency pulses to manipulate and observe two distinct nuclear spins. One important application of double resonance is spin decoupling, which selectively suppresses coupling with one type of nucleus while observing the NMR signal from another nucleus, simplifying the spectrum and enhancing resolution.
Spin decoupling is usually achieved by...
Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect01:13

Mass Spectrometry: Isotope Effect

Most elements exist in nature as a mixture of isotopes. The isotopes differ in weight due to their respective number of neutrons. The molecular weight of a molecule is different depending on the specific isotope of its elements involved. As a result, the mass spectrum of the molecule exhibits peaks from the same fragment at multiple positions. The positions of these mass signals depend on the mass differences between isotopes. Furthermore, the intensity of these signals is dependent on the...
¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals01:02

¹H NMR: Interpreting Distorted and Overlapping Signals

Spin systems where the difference in chemical shifts of the coupled nuclei is greater than ten times J are called first-order spin systems. These nuclei are weakly coupled, and their chemical shifts and coupling constant can generally be estimated from the well-separated signals in the spectrum.
As Δν decreases and the signals move closer, the doublets appear increasingly distorted. The intensities of the inner lines increase at the cost of those of the outer lines as the signals are slanted or...
2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques01:16

2D NMR: Overview of Homonuclear Correlation Techniques

Homonuclear correlation spectroscopy (COSY) is a powerful technique used in Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to study the correlations between nuclei of the same type within a molecule. It provides information about scalar couplings between adjacent nuclei, which helps determine connectivity and structural information. There are several COSY variants, each with its unique strengths and experimental parameters.
COSY90 is the standard two-dimensional (2D) COSY experiment that...

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Workflow Based on the Combination of Isotopic Tracer Experiments to Investigate Microbial Metabolism of Multiple Nutrient Sources
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Workflow Based on the Combination of Isotopic Tracer Experiments to Investigate Microbial Metabolism of Multiple Nutrient Sources

Published on: January 22, 2018

Methods for improving the visualization and deconvolution of isotopic signals.

Guillaume Tcherkez1, Jaleh Ghashghaie, Howard Griffiths

  • 1Plateforme Métabolisme-Métabolome, IFR 87, Bât. 630, Université Paris Sud-XI, 91405 Orsay cedex, France. guillaume.tcherkez@u-psud.fr

Plant, Cell & Environment
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PubMed
Summary

Stable isotopes can model carbon reservoirs and diagnose biological mechanisms. New multidimensional methods (

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Workflow Based on the Combination of Isotopic Tracer Experiments to Investigate Microbial Metabolism of Multiple Nutrient Sources
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Area of Science:

  • Stable isotope biogeochemistry and plant physiology.

Background:

  • Stable isotopes and mechanistic frameworks model biological transformations from inorganic to organic compounds.
  • Stable isotopes are crucial for understanding terrestrial carbon reservoirs.
  • Multidimensional analysis of isotopic outputs can diagnose biological system mechanisms.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce novel methods for analyzing stable isotope data.
  • To demonstrate how isotopic signals can be treated as mathematical vectors.
  • To reveal interrelationships between isotopic outputs for mechanistic insights.

Main Methods:

  • Development of 'isotopology' using multidimensional representations of isotopic signals.
  • Development of 'isotopomic' analysis using vector colinearity for clustering.
  • Application of both methods to a covariation approach.

Main Results:

  • Both isotopology and isotopomic methods converge to a covariation approach.
  • These methods allow for the deconvolution of complex plant biological systems.
  • The hierarchy of contributory physiological processes can be revealed.

Conclusions:

  • Multidimensional stable isotope analysis offers powerful tools for biological research.
  • Isotopology and isotopomics provide a mathematical framework for understanding biological processes.
  • These methods enhance our ability to study plant physiology and carbon cycling.