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Related Concept Videos

Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
Peroxisomes01:24

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes are specialized organelles present in fungi, plant, and animal cells. It can vary in number, size, morphology, and activity depending on the type of tissue and the nutritional state of the cell. For example, cells with active lipid metabolism, such as adipocytes, neurons, and hepatocytes, have more peroxisomes than other cells in the body. Besides their primary role in breaking down complex organic molecules, peroxisomes can also synthesize specific macromolecules and participate in...
Peroxisomes01:30

Peroxisomes

Peroxisomes and mitochondria are two important oxygen-utilizing organelles in eukaryotic cells. Mitochondria carry out cellular respiration—the process that converts energy from food into ATP. Peroxisomes carry out a variety of functions, primarily breaking down different substances, such as fatty acids.The peroxisome is a single membrane-bound cellular organelle that can perform several different functions, including lipid metabolism and chemical detoxification. The enzymes within peroxisomes...
Radical Autoxidation01:20

Radical Autoxidation

The oxidation of an organic compound in the presence of air or oxygen is called autoxidation. For example, cumene reacts with oxygen to form hydroperoxide. Autoxidation involves initiation, propagation, and termination steps. Many organic compounds are susceptible to autoxidation—especially ethers in the presence of oxygen, which form hydroperoxides. Even though this reaction is slow, old ether bottles contain small amounts of peroxide, which leads to laboratory explosions during ether...
Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones01:17

Oxidation of Phenols to Quinones

In the presence of oxidizing agents, phenols are oxidized to quinones. Quinones can be easily reduced back to phenols using mild reducing agents. The electron-donating hydroxyl group enhances the reactivity of the aromatic ring, enabling oxidation of the ring even in the absence of an α hydrogen.
o-hydroxy phenols are oxidized to o-quinones and p-hydroxy phenols to p-quinones. Such redox reactions involve the transfer of two electrons and two protons. The reversible redox property is crucial in...
Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity01:25

Bioactivation and Tissue Toxicity

Bioactivation is a metabolic process that transforms less reactive substances into highly reactive metabolites, initiating tissue toxicity. This transformation can lead to various toxic effects, including carcinogenesis and teratogenesis. Reactive metabolites are classified into two main types: electrophiles and free radicals.Electrophiles are electron-deficient species and are produced primarily by the enzyme cytochrome P-450 during the metabolism of compounds containing carbon, nitrogen, or...

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Bioactive peroxides as potential therapeutic agents.

Valery M Dembitsky1

  • 1Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Natural Products, School of Pharmacy, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Ein Kerem Campus, P.O. Box 12065, Jerusalem 91120, Israel. dvalery@cc.huji.ac.il

European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry
|July 10, 2007
PubMed
Summary

This review covers over 280 natural anticancer agents from land and sea, plus synthetic peroxides. These compounds show significant cytotoxic and other activities, offering promising leads for new drug discovery.

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Area of Science:

  • Natural Product Chemistry
  • Medicinal Chemistry
  • Drug Discovery

Background:

  • Natural products are a rich source of pharmacologically active compounds.
  • Terrestrial and marine organisms produce diverse chemical entities with potential therapeutic applications.
  • Peroxides represent a class of synthetic compounds with biological activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review research on natural anticancer agents from terrestrial and marine sources.
  • To discuss synthetic biologically active peroxides.
  • To highlight the potential of these compounds as leads for drug discovery.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of research on natural product isolation and characterization.
  • Analysis of reported biological activities of isolated compounds.
  • Review of synthetic strategies for biologically active peroxides.

Main Results:

  • Over 280 natural anticancer agents from terrestrial and marine environments have been identified.
  • Dozens of novel compounds with high cytotoxic, antibacterial, and antimalarial activities have been discovered.
  • Synthetic biologically active peroxides have also been investigated.

Conclusions:

  • Natural products remain a vital source for identifying novel drug leads.
  • Marine and terrestrial organisms offer a vast, largely untapped reservoir of potential therapeutic agents.
  • Further research into these natural and synthetic compounds could lead to new anticancer drugs.