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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Three-Dimensionally Printed Microfluidic Cross-flow System for Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration Membrane Performance Testing

Three-Dimensionally Printed Microfluidic Cross-flow System for Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration Membrane Performance Testing

Published on: February 13, 2016

Effect of NOM characteristics and membrane type on microfiltration performance.

S R Gray¹, C B Ritchie, T Tran

¹Institute of Sustainability and Innovation, Victoria University, PO Box 14428, Melbourne, Vic. 8001, Australia. stephen.gray@vu.edu.au

|July 10, 2007

Summary

Hydrophilic organic fractions cause rapid membrane fouling by forming gel layers, while hydrophobic fractions cause slower fouling. Calcium addition enhances gel layer formation in weakly hydrophobic acid fractions, impacting membrane performance.

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Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

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Published on: August 16, 2018

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Three-Dimensionally Printed Microfluidic Cross-flow System for Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration Membrane Performance Testing

Three-Dimensionally Printed Microfluidic Cross-flow System for Ultrafiltration/Nanofiltration Membrane Performance Testing

Published on: February 13, 2016

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

Electrophoretic Crystallization of Ultrathin High-performance Metal-organic Framework Membranes

Published on: August 16, 2018

Area of Science:

Water treatment
Membrane science
Environmental engineering

Background:

Membrane fouling is a significant challenge in low-pressure membrane systems.
Understanding organic foulant behavior is crucial for optimizing membrane processes.
Different organic fractions exhibit distinct fouling characteristics.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of various organic fractions in low-pressure membrane fouling.
To predict the impact of hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds on membrane performance.
To elucidate the mechanisms of gel layer formation and pore adsorption.

Main Methods:

Experimental filtration over several days using an automatic backwashing apparatus.
Microfiltration (MF) of different organic fractions (hydrophilic, hydrophobic, WHA).
Analysis of flux decline, gel/cake layer formation, and foulant composition.

Main Results:

Hydrophilic fractions caused rapid flux decline and gel layer formation.
Hydrophobic fractions resulted in steady flux decline without significant gel formation.
Calcium addition to WHA fractions induced gelation.
Neutral and charged hydrophilic compounds were dominant foulants.
Hydrophobic and small pore size membranes were most susceptible to fouling.

Conclusions:

Hydrophilic compounds are primary foulants forming gel layers, while hydrophobic compounds adsorb within pores.
Surface analysis techniques like FTIR primarily detect hydrophilic foulants.
Coagulation pre-treatment reduces fouling by removing hydrophobic compounds, mitigating pore constriction.