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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior

The Forced Swim Test as a Model of Depressive-like Behavior

Published on: March 2, 2015

Veratrine blocks the lamotrigine-induced swimming increase and immobility decrease in the modified forced swimming

F T Codagnone¹, F T Consoni, A L S Rodrigues

¹Department of Pharmacology, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Setor de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Paraná, Centro Politécnico C.P. 19031, 81540-990 Curitiba - PR - Brazil.

Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry

|July 10, 2007

Summary

Lamotrigine

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Pharmacology

Background:

Lamotrigine demonstrates antidepressant-like effects in behavioral tests.
These effects are potentially linked to serotonergic and noradrenergic pathways.
Voltage-sensitive sodium channels (Na+ channels) may mediate lamotrigine's actions.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the role of Na+ channels in lamotrigine's antidepressant-like effects.
To differentiate the mechanisms underlying lamotrigine's effects on swimming and climbing behaviors.

Main Methods:

Utilized the modified forced swimming test in rodents.
Administered lamotrigine (20 mg/kg) at various time points.
Pre-treated with veratrine (0.1 mg/kg), a Na+ channel activator, to assess its influence.

Main Results:

Veratrine pre-treatment abolished the decrease in immobility and increase in swimming induced by lamotrigine.
Veratrine did not alter lamotrigine's effect on climbing behavior.
This suggests differential involvement of Na+ channels in lamotrigine's actions.

Conclusions:

The antidepressant-like effect of lamotrigine on swimming behavior is dependent on Na+ channel blockade.
The effect of lamotrigine on climbing behavior appears independent of Na+ channel activity.
Lamotrigine's serotonergic and noradrenergic effects are differentially modulated by Na+ channels.