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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver. The...
Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction01:28

Viral Hepatitis I: Introduction

Viral hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver caused by infection with hepatotropic viruses, most commonly hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E. Despite variations in structure and transmission, all viruses mentioned infect hepatocytes and provoke immune responses that can hinder liver function. Additionally, some non-hepatotropic viruses can also lead to hepatic inflammation.Hepatitis A VirusHepatitis A virus (HAV) is transmitted through the fecal–oral route, typically by ingestion of food...
Cirrhosis I: Introduction01:23

Cirrhosis I: Introduction

Cirrhosis is a chronic, irreversible liver disease characterized by the widespread replacement of healthy liver tissue with fibrotic scar tissue and the formation of regenerative nodules.Etiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis results from sustained liver injury that triggers progressive fibrosis and structural remodeling. The underlying causes are diverse, encompassing common and less frequent clinical conditions. Regardless of the origin, all causes lead to chronic inflammation, hepatocyte loss, and...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction

Chronic pancreatitis is a long-standing, relapsing inflammation of the pancreas, characterized by irreversible damage to the gland. It results in progressive destruction of the pancreatic parenchyma, fibrosis, and eventual loss of both exocrine and endocrine function. The disease may evolve gradually after multiple episodes of acute pancreatitis or develop independently.EtiologyChronic pancreatitis can arise from a variety of causes:Alcohol use is the leading cause, accounting for 70–80% of...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
13:04

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

[Chronic hepatitis C virus infection].

S Rossol1, J Bartel

  • 1I. Medizinische Klinik, Krankenhaus Nordwest, Frankfurt am Main. siegbert.rossol@khnw.de

MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin
|July 11, 2007
PubMed
Summary

Early antiviral therapy is crucial for preventing severe outcomes of chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection, such as liver cirrhosis or hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Identifying infected individuals through targeted screening is essential for timely treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Context:

  • Chronic Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection can lead to severe liver disease, including cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
  • Early detection and treatment are paramount for preventing these late sequelae.
  • Current screening strategies may not adequately identify all at-risk individuals in the general population.

Purpose:

  • To emphasize the necessity of early and specific antiviral therapy for managing chronic HCV infection.
  • To highlight the critical need for identifying HCV-infected individuals within the general population.
  • To propose a comprehensive screening concept for HCV detection.

Summary:

  • The prevention of liver cirrhosis and HCC in chronic HCV infection relies exclusively on prompt and targeted antiviral treatment.

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Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection
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Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection

Published on: November 7, 2018

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication
13:04

A Protocol for Analyzing Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Published on: June 26, 2014

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection
11:14

Detection of Low Copy Number Integrated Viral DNA Formed by In Vitro Hepatitis B Infection

Published on: November 7, 2018

  • Identifying individuals with HCV is a fundamental requirement for initiating effective treatment.
  • A screening approach encompassing patients with known exposure risks or elevated serum transaminases is proposed to improve HCV identification.

    • Impact:

    • Facilitates the implementation of early intervention strategies for chronic HCV.
    • Reduces the incidence of liver cirrhosis and HCC associated with HCV infection.
    • Improves patient outcomes and public health by enabling timely management of HCV.