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From a Natural Product to Its Biosynthetic Gene Cluster: A Demonstration Using Polyketomycin from Streptomyces diastatochromogenes Tü6028
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Gene duplication, modularity and adaptation in the evolution of the aflatoxin gene cluster

Ignazio Carbone1, Jorge H Ramirez-Prado, Judy L Jakobek

  • 1Center for Integrated Fungal Research, Department of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA. ignazio_carbone@ncsu.edu

BMC Evolutionary Biology
|July 11, 2007
PubMed
Abstract

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Gene families consist of groups of genes proposed to have originated from a common ancestor. Typically these arise through events in which a gene or genes are mistakenly duplicated during cell division. Unlike their parent genes (which are subject to selection pressure to maintain function), these gene copies do not need to preserve their sequences and may evolve at a relatively faster rate.
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While every living organism has a genome of some kind (be it RNA, or DNA), there is considerable variation in the sizes of these blueprints. One major factor that impacts genome size is whether the organism is prokaryotic or eukaryotic. In prokaryotes, the genome contains little to no non-coding sequence, such that genes are tightly clustered in groups or operons sequentially along the chromosome. Conversely, the genes in eukaryotes are punctuated by long stretches of non-coding sequence.
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Genome Size and the Evolution of New Genes

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