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The Vestibular System

The Vestibular System

The vestibular system is a set of inner ear structures that provide a sense of balance and spatial orientation. This system is comprised of structures within the labyrinth of the inner ear, including the cochlea and two otolith organs—the utricle and saccule. The labyrinth also contains three semicircular canals—superior, posterior, and horizontal—that are oriented on different planes.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

Published on: August 22, 2025

Pairing virtual reality with dynamic posturography serves to differentiate between patients experiencing visual

Emily A Keshner¹, Jefferson Streepey, Yasin Dhaher

¹Sensory Motor Performance Program, Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, Room 1406, 345 East Superior St, Chicago, IL 60611, USA. ekeshner@temple.edu

Journal of Neuroengineering and Rehabilitation

|July 11, 2007

Summary

Visually sensitive individuals exhibit altered postural responses to combined visual and vestibular stimuli. Virtual reality may aid in diagnosing and treating visual motion sensitivity.

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Last Updated: Jul 13, 2026

Using Eye-tracking to Assess the Relative Importance of Visual and Vestibular Input to Subcortical Motion Processing in the Roll Plane

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Biomechanics
Human Factors

Background:

Assessing visual dependence in automatic postural responses is crucial.
Quantifying the impact of optic flow on postural control is an active research area.

Purpose of the Study:

To quantify the impact of visual dependence on automatic postural responses.
To investigate the effects of transient optic flow combined with platform perturbations on postural kinematics.

Main Methods:

Healthy and visually sensitive subjects underwent platform rotations/translations with and without virtual reality visual stimuli.
Kinematic data (head, trunk) and electromyography (EMG) responses were recorded.
Analysis focused on latencies and magnitudes of postural responses.

Main Results:

No significant effect of visual velocity on EMG response latencies/magnitudes was found.
Visually sensitive subjects showed larger head and trunk velocities than healthy subjects, but these were not modulated by visual stimuli.
Individual analysis revealed distinct patterns in head velocity based on vestibular disorder history.

Conclusions:

Postural kinematics differ in visually sensitive individuals under combined perturbations.
Virtual reality technology shows promise for differential diagnosis and targeted interventions for visual motion sensitivity.