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Related Experiment Videos

Electrochemical attosyringe.

François O Laforge1, James Carpino, Susan A Rotenberg

  • 1Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Queens College-City University of New York, Flushing, NY 11367, USA.

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
|July 11, 2007
PubMed
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This study introduces electrochemical control for precise liquid handling, enabling attoliter-to-picoliter volume dispensing for applications like cell microinjection. This method overcomes limitations of existing techniques, offering better control and smaller volumes for biological and nanotech applications.

Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Analytical Chemistry

Background:

  • Precise manipulation of ultrasmall liquid volumes is crucial for cell biology, microfluidics, and nanolithography.
  • Current microinjection techniques face challenges with large injector size, injected fluid volume, and poor control over dispensed amounts.
  • Living cell membranes are impermeable to high molecular weight substances like DNA and proteins, necessitating advanced injection methods.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To demonstrate electrochemical control of fluid motion for sampling and dispensing attoliter-to-picoliter liquid volumes.
  • To overcome the limitations of existing microinjection techniques regarding injector size and volume control.
  • To present a novel method for injecting substances into living cells and other microscale applications.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Electrochemical control of fluid motion across a liquid/liquid interface using voltage changes.
  • Utilizing nanopipettes for sampling and dispensing attoliter-to-picoliter volumes of aqueous or nonaqueous solutions.
  • Employing video microscopy and current/resistance-based monitoring for precise injection control.

Main Results:

  • Successful attoliter-to-picoliter volume sampling and dispensing demonstrated.
  • High success rate achieved in injecting fluorescent dyes into cultured human breast cells.
  • Femtoliter-range injections monitored by video microscopy; current/resistance methods enable precise control.

Conclusions:

  • Electrochemical control offers a precise method for manipulating ultrasmall liquid volumes.
  • This technique provides a solution to the limitations of current microinjection methods.
  • Potential applications include cell microinjection, nanolithography fluid dispensing, and microfluidic pumping.